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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How many NERVOUS systems do humans have?
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ONE
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Upon what characteristics are DIVISIONS of the NERVOUS system based?
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1. anatomical
2. functional |
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What are the STRUCTURAL (anatomical) DIVISIONS of the NERVOUS system?
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1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Of what does the CNS consist?
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1. the brain
2. the spinal cord |
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In which GENERAL CAVITY is the CNS housed?
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the DORSAL cavity
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What is the BASIC FUNCTION of the nervous system that ASSIMILATES and PROCESSES the SENSORY INPUT from current and past experiences in the form of memory, learning, and intelligence?
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INTEGRATION FUNCTION
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What is the BASIC FUNCTION of the nervous system that ORGANIZES and COORDINATES MOTOR OUTPUT in response to the sensory input which has been integrated and acted upon?
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MOTOR FUNCTION
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Which STRUCTURAL DIVISION of the nervous system includes the pathways of nerve fibers that branch out to all other structures of the body?
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PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
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What does the PNS include structurally?
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1. CRANIAL NERVES
2. SPINAL NERVES |
There are two types of things.
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How many CRANIAL NERVES are there?
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12 pair
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How many SPINAL NERVES are there?
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31 pair
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Which nerves arise from the brain and brain stem?
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the CRANIAL nerves
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Which nerves arise from the spinal cord?
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the SPINAL nerves
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What do the PAIRED SPINAL NERVES include?
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1. cervical nerves, 8
2. thoracic, 12 3. lumbar, 5 4. sacral, 5 5. coccygeal, 1 |
There are 5 of them.
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What are the FUNCTIONAL DIVISIONS of the nervous system?
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1. somatic nervous system
2. autonomic nervous system 3. enteric nervous system |
There are three of them.
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From which parts of the body do AFFERENT neurons convey information to the CNS via SOMATIC and SPECIAL SENSORY receptors in the SOMATIC nervous system?
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primarily MUSCLES, JOINTS, and SKIN
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To which parts of the body do EFFERENT neurons conduct impulses from the CNS in the SOMATIC nervous system?
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SKELETAL MUSCLES only
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From which parts of the body do AFFERENT neurons convey information to the CNS via AUTONOMIC SENSORY receptors in the AUTONOMIC nervous system?
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primarily in the VISCERA
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To which parts of the body do EFFERENT neurons conduct impulses from the CNS in the AUTONOMIC nervous system?
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1. smooth muscle
2. cardiac muscle 3. glands (exocrine and endocrine) 4. adipose cells (they also influence cell membranes and blood vessels) |
There are about 4 of them.
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The MOTOR portion of the ANS consists of what divisions?
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1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic |
There are two of them.
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Which NERVES controls 75% of all PARASYMPATHETIC functions?
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VAGUS (X) nerve
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The "fight or flight" system.
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SYMPATHETIC
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The "rest and digest" system.
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PARASYMPATHETIC
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Which system was once consider part of the ANS?
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the ENTERIC nervous system
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Of approximately how many neurons in the ENTERIC PLEXUSES does the ENS consist and where?
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100 million; the entire length of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
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What do the SENSORY neurons of the ENS monitor?
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1. chemical changes with the GI tract
2. the stretching of the GI tract walls |
There are two things.
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What does the ENS govern?
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1. CONTRACTION of the GI smooth muscle
2. SECRETIONS of the GI tract organs (i.e. acid secretion from the stomach) |
There are three things.
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It was previously thought that these nerves were only motor; however, we now know that these nerves contain some sensory neurons from proprioceptors in the muscles they innervate.
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CRANIAL NERVES (note: in this class, we will refer to them as "strictly motor")
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What is the BASIC FUNCTION of the nervous system that ORIENTS the body to its internal and external environments?
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SENSORY INPUT (gathering function)
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The functions of the nervous system are ________ and _______.
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complex; overlapping
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What organs of the CNS are housed in what specific cavities of the dorsal cavity?
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1. cranial cavity (of the skull)--brain
2. vertebral cavity (of the vertebral foramen)--spinal cord |
There are two cavities in the CNS.
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The CNS is the _______ and _____ center of the nervous system.
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integrative; control
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The _____ receives sensory input from the ______ and formulates responses to this input.
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CNS; PNS
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