Exploring Psychology By Myers Ch. 1 (Used For Psycgre Prep)

Front 1

Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany

Back 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Hint 1

Father of Psychology

Front 2

The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind"

Back 2

Margaret Floy Washburn

Front 3

Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.

Back 3

Edward Bradford Titchener

Hint 3

Student of Wilhelm Wundt

Front 4

First woman to be admitted to and finish requirements for a Harvard Ph.D. She was denied her degree, but offered one from an honorary degree from an undergraduate school for women which she denied.

Back 4

Mary Whiton Calkins

Hint 4

Became APA's first female president.

Front 5

The science of behavior and mental processes

Back 5

Psychology

Front 6

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.

Back 6

Nature-nurture issue

Hint 6

The issue of genetics vs. environment

Front 7

A leading "behaviorist" who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior

Back 7

B.F. Skinner

Hint 7

Developed the Skinner box

Front 8

Another behaviorist who championed psychology as the science of behavior

Back 8

John B. Watson

Hint 8

Demonstrated conditioned responses on "Little Albert"

Front 9

The way in which the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Back 9

Neuroscience

Front 10

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes

Back 10

Evolutionary

Front 11

Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany

Back 11

Wilhelm Wundt

Hint 11

Father of Psychology

Front 12

The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind"

Back 12

Margaret Floy Washburn

Front 13

Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.

Back 13

Edward Bradford Titchener

Hint 13

Student of Wilhelm Wundt

Front 14

First woman to be admitted to and finish requirements for a Harvard Ph.D. She was denied her degree, but offered one from an honorary degree from an undergraduate school for women which she denied.

Back 14

Mary Whiton Calkins

Hint 14

Became APA's first female president.

Front 15

The science of behavior and mental processes

Back 15

Psychology

Front 16

This area focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

Back 16

Behavior genetics Perspective

Front 17

This area focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Back 17

Psychodynamic Perspective

Front 18

This area focuses on how we learn observable responses

Back 18

Behavioral Perspective

Front 19

This area focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Back 19

Cognitive perspective

Front 20

This area focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Back 20

Social-Cultural Perspective

Front 21

The science of psychology was born in December 1879, when a psychologist and his students measured the time lag betwen people's hearing a ball hit a platform and their pressing a key. The psychologist who ran this experiment and established the first psychology lab was ______

Back 21

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 22

A popular psychology textbook was written in 1890. Its famous author was _______

Back 22

William James

Front 23

The definition of psychology has changed several times since the late 1800's. In the early 20th century, _______ redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior".

Back 23

James Watson

Front 24

Psychology is now defined as the science of behavior and mental processes. The perspective in psychology that focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to culture is the ____________ perspective

Back 24

Social-cultural perspective

Front 25

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it.

Back 25

Hindsight bias

Hint 25

Also known as the "I knew it all along" phenomenon.

Front 26

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions

Back 26

Critical thinking

Front 27

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations

Back 27

Theory

Front 28

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Back 28

Hypothesis

Front 29

A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables

Back 29

Operational definition

Front 30

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances

Back 30

Replication

Front 31

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Back 31

Case study

Front 32

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them

Back 32

Survey

Front 33

All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study

Back 33

Population

Front 34

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Back 34

Random sample

Front 35

A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Back 35

Correlation coefficient

Front 36

Research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable).

Back 36

Experiment

Front 37

an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent.

Back 37

Placebo

Front 38

an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.

Back 38

Double blind procedure

Front 39

Any effect on behavior caused by a placebo

Back 39

Placebo effect

Front 40

The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.

Back 40

Experimental condition

Front 41

The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment.

Back 41

Control Condition

Front 42

Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups

Back 42

Random Assignment

Front 43

The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.

Back 43

Independent Variable

Front 44

The experimental factor - in psychology, the behavior or mental process - that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Back 44

Dependent variable

Front 45

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Back 45

Culture