Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
|
Wilhelm Wundt
|
Father of Psychology
|
|
The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind"
|
Margaret Floy Washburn
|
|
|
Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.
|
Edward Bradford Titchener
|
Student of Wilhelm Wundt
|
|
First woman to be admitted to and finish requirements for a Harvard Ph.D. She was denied her degree, but offered one from an honorary degree from an undergraduate school for women which she denied.
|
Mary Whiton Calkins
|
Became APA's first female president.
|
|
The science of behavior and mental processes
|
Psychology
|
|
|
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
|
Nature-nurture issue
|
The issue of genetics vs. environment
|
|
A leading "behaviorist" who rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior
|
B.F. Skinner
|
Developed the Skinner box
|
|
Another behaviorist who championed psychology as the science of behavior
|
John B. Watson
|
Demonstrated conditioned responses on "Little Albert"
|
|
The way in which the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
|
Neuroscience
|
|
|
How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one's genes
|
Evolutionary
|
|
|
Established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany
|
Wilhelm Wundt
|
Father of Psychology
|
|
The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.; synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind"
|
Margaret Floy Washburn
|
|
|
Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.
|
Edward Bradford Titchener
|
Student of Wilhelm Wundt
|
|
First woman to be admitted to and finish requirements for a Harvard Ph.D. She was denied her degree, but offered one from an honorary degree from an undergraduate school for women which she denied.
|
Mary Whiton Calkins
|
Became APA's first female president.
|
|
The science of behavior and mental processes
|
Psychology
|
|
|
This area focuses on how much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
|
Behavior genetics Perspective
|
|
|
This area focuses on how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
|
Psychodynamic Perspective
|
|
|
This area focuses on how we learn observable responses
|
Behavioral Perspective
|
|
|
This area focuses on how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
|
Cognitive perspective
|
|
|
This area focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
|
Social-Cultural Perspective
|
|
|
The science of psychology was born in December 1879, when a psychologist and his students measured the time lag betwen people's hearing a ball hit a platform and their pressing a key. The psychologist who ran this experiment and established the first psychology lab was ______
|
Wilhelm Wundt
|
|
|
A popular psychology textbook was written in 1890. Its famous author was _______
|
William James
|
|
|
The definition of psychology has changed several times since the late 1800's. In the early 20th century, _______ redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior".
|
James Watson
|
|
|
Psychology is now defined as the science of behavior and mental processes. The perspective in psychology that focuses on how behavior and thought differ from situation to situation and from culture to culture is the ____________ perspective
|
Social-cultural perspective
|
|
|
The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have forseen it.
|
Hindsight bias
|
Also known as the "I knew it all along" phenomenon.
|
|
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
|
Critical thinking
|
|
|
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations
|
Theory
|
|
|
A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
|
Hypothesis
|
|
|
A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables
|
Operational definition
|
|
|
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances
|
Replication
|
|
|
An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles
|
Case study
|
|
|
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of people, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of them
|
Survey
|
|
|
All the cases in a group, from which samples may be drawn for a study
|
Population
|
|
|
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.
|
Random sample
|
|
|
A statistical measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other
|
Correlation coefficient
|
|
|
Research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable).
|
Experiment
|
|
|
an inert substance or condition that may be administered instead of a presumed active agent, such as a drug, to see if it triggers the effects believed to characterize the active agent.
|
Placebo
|
|
|
an experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo.
|
Double blind procedure
|
|
|
Any effect on behavior caused by a placebo
|
Placebo effect
|
|
|
The condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable.
|
Experimental condition
|
|
|
The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of treatment.
|
Control Condition
|
|
|
Assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between those assigned to different groups
|
Random Assignment
|
|
|
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
|
Independent Variable
|
|
|
The experimental factor - in psychology, the behavior or mental process - that is being measured; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
|
Dependent variable
|
|
|
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
|
Culture
|
|