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16 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Motivation
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Instinct
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Drive-reduction Theory
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Incentive
a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Yerkers-Dodson Law
the principle that performance increases with arousal only up to a point, beyond which performance decreases
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Glucose
the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for the body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
Set point
the point at which your "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When your body falls below this weight, increased hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may combine to restore the lost weight
Basal metabolic rate
the body's resting rate of energy expenditure
Achievement motivation
a desire for significant accomplishment, for mastery of skills or ideas, for control, and for rapidly attaining a high standard
Emotion
a response of the whole organism involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience
James-Lange theory
the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli
Cannon-Bard theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
Two-factor theory
the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal
Polygraph
a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses (such as perspiration and cardiovascular and breathing changes) accompanying emotion.