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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolism
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The sum total of all processes in an organism which convert energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism's life functions.
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Anabolism
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The sum total of all processes in an organism which use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life.
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Catabolism
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The sum total of all processes in an organism which break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical produce their own food.
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food.
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Herbivores
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Organisms that eat only plants.
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Carnivores
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Organisms that eat only organisms other then plants.
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Omnivores
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Organisms that eat both plants and other organisms.
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Producers
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Organisms that produce their own food.
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Consumers
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Organisms that eat living producers and/or other consumers for food.
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Decomposers
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Organisms that break down the dead remains of other organisms.
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Autotrophs
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Organisms that are able to make their own food.
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Heterotrophs
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Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food.
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Receptors
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Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment.
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Asexual Reproduction
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Reproduction accomplished by a single organism.
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Sexual Reproduction
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Reproduction that requires two organisms.
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Inheritance
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The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring.
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Mutation
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An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of it's parents.
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Hypothesis
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An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a questionl
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Theory
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A hypothesis that has been tested with significant amount of data.
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Scientific Law
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A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data.
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Microorganisms
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Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye.
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Abiogenesis
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The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions.
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Prokaryotic Cell
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A cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.
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Eukaryotic Cell
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A cell with distinct, membrane-bounded organelles.
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Species
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A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units.
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Taxonomy
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The science of classifying organisms.
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Binomial Nomenclature
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Naming an organism with it's genus and species name.
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Pathogen
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An organism that causes disease.
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Saprophyte
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An organism that feeds on dead matter.
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Parasite
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An organism that feeds on a living host.
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Aerobic Organism
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An organism that requires oxygen.
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Anaerobic Organism
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An organism that does not require oxygen.
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Steady State
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A state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born.
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Exponential Growth
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Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population.
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Logistic Growth
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Population growth that is controlled by limited resources.
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Conjugation
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A temporary union of two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer.
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Plasmid
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A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one of more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code.
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Transformation
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The transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell.
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Transduction
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The process in which infection by a viruc results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another.
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Endospore
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The DNA and other eseential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers.
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Strains
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Organisms from the same species that have markedly different traits.
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Pseudopod
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A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food.
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Nucleus
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The region of a eukaryotic cell which contains the cell’s main DNA.
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Vacuole
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A membrane-bound "sac" within a cell.
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Ectoplasm
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The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells.
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Endoplasm
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A protozoan that propels itself with a flagellum.
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Flagellate
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A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane.
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Pellicle
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A thin layer supporting the cell membrane in various protozoa
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Chloroplast
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An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll
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A pigment necessary for photosynthesis.
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Eyespot
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A light-sensitive region in certain protozoa.
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Symbiosis
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A relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits.
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Mutalism
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A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association.
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Commensalism
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A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
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Parasitism
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A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed.
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Cilia
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Hair-like projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion.
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Spore
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A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating.
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Plankton
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Tiny organisms that float in the water
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Zooplankton
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Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa.
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Phytoplankton
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Tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae.
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Thallus
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The body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems.
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Cellulose
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A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms.
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Holdfast
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A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself.
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Sessile Colony
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A colony that uses holdfasts to anchor itself to an object.
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Extracellular Digestion
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Digestion that takes place outside of the cell.
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Mycelium
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The part of the fungus responsible for extracellular digestion and absorption of the digested food – plural mycelia.
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Hypha
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Filament of fungal cells – plural hyphae.
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Rhizoid Hypha
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A hypha that is imbedded in the material on which the fungus grows.
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Aerial Hypha
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A hypha that is not imbedded in the material upon which the fungus grows.
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Sporophore
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Specialized aerial hypha that produces spores.
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Stolon
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An aerial hypha that asexually reproduces to make more filaments.
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Haustorium
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A hypha of a parasitic fungus which enters the host's cells, absorbing nutrition directly from the cytoplasm.
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Chitin
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A chemical that provides both toughness and flexibility.
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Membrane
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A thin covering of tissue.
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Fermentation
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The anaerobic (without oxygen) breakdown of sugars into smaller molecules (i.e. alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid).
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Zygospore
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A zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering.
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Zygote
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The result of sexual reproduction when each parent contributes half of the DNA necessary for the offspring.
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Antibiotic
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A chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rates of other organisms.
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