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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Independent Groups |
Between subjects 1 condition |
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Repeated Measures |
Within Subjects Multiple condition |
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When to choose IG |
DV is apparent Permanent change |
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When to Choose RM |
Small N needed IV is simple, not apparent |
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Confounds |
3rd Var. Linked to one condition of IV Threat to internal validity |
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Extraneous Variables |
Both or all conditions of IV Threat to external validity |
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7 Confounds |
1. Demand Characteristics 2. Experimenter Bias 3. Group Differences/Self Selection 4. Order Effects 5. Regression towards the mean 6. History Effects 7. Maturation |
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Demand Characteristics |
Change behavior based on what they think they're tested on |
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How to reduce Dem. Characteristics |
Filler Items Placebo Blind Study |
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Experimenter Bias |
Experimenter changes behavior |
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How to reduce Exp. Bias |
Double Blind Study Training Run Conditions at same time |
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How to Reduce Group Differences |
Pre-test Random Assignment |
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Order Effects |
Practice Effects Fatigue Effects Contrast Effects Solution: Counter-Balance |
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Regression Towards Mean |
Extreme scores unlikely to be repeated Longitudinal |
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History Effects |
Outside Effects occur Longitudinal |
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Maturation |
Changes within participants Longitudinal |
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How to Increase Construct Validity |
Pilot Studies Manipulation Check |
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Pilot Study |
Trial run See if there are problems |
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Manipulation Check |
Check/Test of IV Did manipulation work |
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Participant Variable |
Cannot be manipulated by researcher Gender |
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Main Effects |
Relationship between 1 IV and DV Average out other IV |
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Interactions |
2 or more IVs affects the DV |
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Quasi-Experiment |
Some aspects of experiment Only if IV can't be manipulated |
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When to use a T-Test |
2 groups, 1 IV |
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ANOVA |
More than 2 groups, 2 df to report Need post hoc test to find sign diff. |
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Factorial ANOVA |
More than 1 IV, 2 or more main eff. |
