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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Basic Research

To understand psychological phenomena and processes

Applied Research

Find solutions for problems rather than just enhancing knowledge

Program Evaluation Research (evaluation research)

Used to evaluate programs - when new regulations are implemented

Goal of Research - To Describe

Describes patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions


Most simplistic


Ex) surveys

Goal of Research - Predict

Used to predict outcomes - if this occurs then this should


Ex) interviews, standardized tests,

Goal of Research - Explain

To explain behavior, emotions and thoughts, why they occur


Ex) why some prisoners are violent and others are not

What three criteria must be met for something to be considered science?

Systematic empiricism


Public Verification


Solvability

Systematic Empiricism

Structured observations that are valid

Public Verfication

Allows research to be replicated


Allows research to be scrutinized to check for validity

Solvability

Is the question being asked reasonable, is it testable?

Pseudoscience

Science that claims to be science but violates the criteria to be real science


Violates either, systematic empiricism, public verification, or solvablity



Theory

A set of propositions that attempts to explain the relationship of two or more variables

6 Characteristics of a Good Theory

-Proposes casual relationships


-Clear, logical consistent and straight forward


-Simple


-Has a testable hypothesis


-Stimulates other research


-Solves an existing question

Post Hoc Explanations

Explanations that are made after the data are collected and analyzed

A priori

A specific research hypothesis made before the data is collected and analyzed

Where do theories come from - Deduction

From general (theory) to specific (hypothesis)


What would you expect to occur?

Where do theories come from - Induction

Specific to abstract - abstracting a hypothesis from a series of facts

Hypothesis

An "if-then" statement - If A occurs then B will be the consequence

Stringency

How well and tightly designed was the research?

Converging Evidence (Methodological Pluralism)

Using various different research approaches to answer one question


Ex) Using a correlation study vs an experiment

Strategy of Strong Inference

Having two theories go against each other resulting in one theory coming out stronger

Falsification

The potential for a hypothesis to be found false

Conceptual Definition

An abstract-dictionary type definition

Operational Definition

Specifies how the concept is measured

Null Findings

Failure to support your theory

File-Drawer Problem

Failure to publish studies that have a null finding