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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Basic Research |
To understand psychological phenomena and processes |
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Applied Research |
Find solutions for problems rather than just enhancing knowledge |
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Program Evaluation Research (evaluation research) |
Used to evaluate programs - when new regulations are implemented |
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Goal of Research - To Describe |
Describes patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and emotions Most simplistic Ex) surveys |
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Goal of Research - Predict |
Used to predict outcomes - if this occurs then this should Ex) interviews, standardized tests, |
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Goal of Research - Explain |
To explain behavior, emotions and thoughts, why they occur Ex) why some prisoners are violent and others are not |
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What three criteria must be met for something to be considered science? |
Systematic empiricism Public Verification Solvability |
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Systematic Empiricism |
Structured observations that are valid |
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Public Verfication |
Allows research to be replicated Allows research to be scrutinized to check for validity |
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Solvability |
Is the question being asked reasonable, is it testable? |
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Pseudoscience |
Science that claims to be science but violates the criteria to be real science Violates either, systematic empiricism, public verification, or solvablity |
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Theory |
A set of propositions that attempts to explain the relationship of two or more variables |
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6 Characteristics of a Good Theory |
-Proposes casual relationships -Clear, logical consistent and straight forward -Simple -Has a testable hypothesis -Stimulates other research -Solves an existing question |
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Post Hoc Explanations |
Explanations that are made after the data are collected and analyzed |
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A priori |
A specific research hypothesis made before the data is collected and analyzed |
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Where do theories come from - Deduction |
From general (theory) to specific (hypothesis) What would you expect to occur? |
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Where do theories come from - Induction |
Specific to abstract - abstracting a hypothesis from a series of facts |
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Hypothesis |
An "if-then" statement - If A occurs then B will be the consequence |
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Stringency |
How well and tightly designed was the research? |
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Converging Evidence (Methodological Pluralism) |
Using various different research approaches to answer one question Ex) Using a correlation study vs an experiment |
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Strategy of Strong Inference |
Having two theories go against each other resulting in one theory coming out stronger |
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Falsification |
The potential for a hypothesis to be found false |
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Conceptual Definition |
An abstract-dictionary type definition |
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Operational Definition |
Specifies how the concept is measured |
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Null Findings |
Failure to support your theory |
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File-Drawer Problem |
Failure to publish studies that have a null finding |