Experimental Exam 2 Chapter 7

Front 1

what is naturalistic research

Back 1

occurs behavior as it occurs in everyday life.

Front 2

examples of naturalistic research

Back 2

observational research
archival research

Front 3

what is the advantage of naturalistic research?

Back 3

ecological validity, the study resembles "real life"

Front 4

Observational research

Back 4

observing behavior and objectively recording observations

Front 5

in doing observational research, you need to decide if the researcher will...

Back 5

be the participant or observer, and whether the researcher will be acknowledged, or unacknowledged

Front 6

Advantages to an unacknowledged participant

Back 6

concealment (no reactivity)
intimacy (more details)
no time wasted
no worrying about blown cover
may keep observation more objective

Front 7

disadvantages to an unacknowledged participant

Back 7

intimacy (biases and judgements)
ethical dilemmas (violation of privacy)
reactivity when observer role is known
ethical concerns when unacknowledged.
and researchers participation influences behavior on those observed.

Front 8

advantages to acknowledged participants

Back 8

less serious ethical dilemma
easier to get permission

Front 9

disadvantages to acknowledged participants

Back 9

reactivity, and researchers participation still influences behavior of participants

Front 10

case studies

Back 10

extensive data collected from one or a very few individuals

Front 11

case studies usually focus on those with...

Back 11

atypical characteristics or experiences (psychopathology)

Front 12

in case studies, it is hoped that

Back 12

richness of detail will lead to insights that can be tested on larger samples

Front 13

systematic observation

Back 13

involves specifying ahead of time exactly which observations are to be made on which people at which times and places.

Front 14

behavioral categories

Back 14

specific set of behaviors to observe, they are defined before the project begins, if precise should yield high interrater reliability

Front 15

event sampling

Back 15

focusing observation on specific theoretically important behaviors

Front 16

individual sampling

Back 16

randomly selecting a participant to be the focus of all observation for a period of time

Front 17

time sampling

Back 17

collecting data in only pre-specified times instead of continuously

Front 18

what are the 2 indirect observational methods

Back 18

physical traces, archival records

Front 19

physical traces

Back 19

the remnants, products and fragments of past behavior

Front 20

archival records

Back 20

the public and private documents that describe the activities of individuals institutions governments and other groups

Front 21

What are the types of physical traits?

Back 21

Use traces and a products

Front 22

use traces

Back 22

evidence that remains from the use of the nonuse of an item

Front 23

What are some examples of use traces?

Back 23

Clock settings, cigarette butts, marks in a textbook.. What do individuals use. Bumper sticker use to measure expressiveness

Front 24

products

Back 24

creations, constructions, or other artifacts from earlier behavior

Front 25

What are some examples of products?

Back 25

Purchased groceries, homes built

Front 26

What are types of use traces?

Back 26

Natural, controlled, products,

Front 27

natural

Back 27

Produced without any intervention by the investigator

Front 28

example of natural

Back 28

measuring the amount of highlighting in a textbook to assess textbook use.

Front 29

controlled

Back 29

produced with some degree of intervention or manipulation by the investigator

Front 30

An example of controlled:

Back 30

measuring the number of glue seals broken to assess textbook
usage.