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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acceptable handling of rodents
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around shoulders with rump support
scruff ok for most to secure biting end can secure by bald tails |
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signs of disease in small mammals
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lack of curiosity
isolation from group pain faces hunched posture, reluctant to move anorexia, square tail, tooth grinding, pale unkempt coat, hair loss, self trauma discharge, diarrhea, resp noises, wounds, lameness, masses anywhere, salivation |
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how and where can blood samples be taken
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GA required
saphenous lateral tail vein femoral vein vena cava cardaic puncture |
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how much blood can be drawn safely
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10% of the blood volume
5% from sick animals |
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how much of the body weight is blood
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70 mL / kg
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how can urine be collected
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most will urinate when handled
- use free catch/syringe to collect ultrasound guided cystocentesis |
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how does rat and mouse urine differ from other rodent spp
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less alkaline than other spp
often proteinuric as well |
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what are the normal parameters of gerbil urine
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contains acetone, bilirubin, glucose and protein
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what are the normal characteristics of GP and Ch urine
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alkaline - 9.0 or 8.5
specific gravity - 1.045 |
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radiographic technique
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GA for most
guinea pigs will tolerate a burrito |
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what is the rodent dental formula
(not guinea pigs or chinchillas) |
1/1 0/0 0/0 3/3
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what is the dental formula of guinea pigs and chinchillas
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1/1 0/0 1/1 3/3
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what is different about rodent chewing vs rabbits
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rodents have r-cd motion to their mandible
= opposition of incisors possible = more cicular grinding motion |
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what do rodents get by coprophagy
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vitamin B and K
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how can rodents be sexed
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histricomorphs
- anogenital distance - obvious prepuce myomorphs and histricomorphs - Y shaped opening - females have 3 holes |
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which are myomorphs
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rat, mouse, gerbil, hamster
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which are histricomorphs
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guinea pig
chinchilla degu |
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what is the most important means of monitoring rodent health
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WEIGHT!!
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how is rat body condition judged
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the tail shape
- round vs square |
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use of anaesthesia in sick mammal clinical exam
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reduces stress of examination so often better to use than not use
consider stabilizing for very sick before GA |
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how can vena cava blood be sampled
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enter at thoracic inlet
- angle at 30degrees relative to the spine aim towards opposite back foot use 25G needle |
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radiograph interpretation
- myomorphs abdomen |
diproporitonately large abdomen
- hamster has 2 part stomach caecum in left cd abdomen testes may be retracted - large fat projections os penis in rats and mice gas-filled intestine = enteritis |
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radiograph interpretation
myomorphs thorax |
hear fills thorax
enlargement = endocarditis bronchial pattern common in older animals |
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ultrasound technique
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sector probe
5MHz for Gp/Ch 7.5 MHz for smallies avoid clipping if possible warm gel first |
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what are practical ways to give medication
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orally
- mix with jelly or jello SC injection - avoid IM injections IP or IO acceptable |
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maintenance fluid levels for rodents
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100mL/kg/day
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delivering maintenance fluids
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2-3 daily injections
- 25 to 35 mL at a time IP- avoid the bladder IO- severe debilitation only |
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nutritional support concerns
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hypoglycemia possible with 12-24 hrs anorexia
stasis, ileus and fatty liver also problems |
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nutritional support methods
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syringe feeding
- pureed fruit and veg - commercial diets - soaked pellets add multivitamin supplements - B&K for all, C for guinea pigs |
