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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soren Kierkegaard
basic facts (family, religion, where from, lifespan) |
1813-1855
Danish Christian son of a wealthy merchant founder of existentialism, particularly Christian existentialism |
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Soren Kierkegaard
most famous works |
Either/or
Fear and Trembling Concluding Scientific Postscript The Sickness Unto Death |
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Friedrich Nietzche
basic facts (family, religion, where from, lifespan) |
1844-1900
-devout son of a Lutheran minister in Prussia -later broke with the Church and became one of its staunchest critics -a founding father of existentialism |
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Kierkegaard religion
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Christian
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Nietzsche religion
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-raised as the devout son of a Lutheran Minister
-later became an atheist |
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Nietzche's key contributions to existentialism
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-announcing the death of God
-changing the human project to that of finding value and meaning to creating value and meaning - |
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How did Nietzsche change the "human project"
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finding --> creating meaning
He changed the human project to that of finding value and meaning to creating value and meaning |
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Nietzsche's most famous works
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-Human, All Too Human
-The Gay Science -Thus Spoke Zarathustra -Beyond Good and Evil -The Genealogy of Morals |
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Martin Heidegger
basic facts lifespan, family, religion, where from |
-1889-1976
-involved with the Nazi party |
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Martin Heidegger
key contributions |
-turning existentialism into the SYSTEMATIC study of experience, particularly Dasein, being thrown, and the situated subject
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Dasein =
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a concept developed by Heidegger
(pages 118-119 in Dummies) the notion of "existing there" Da = there Sein = to exist being in the world space is an essential part of your existence |
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irrationalism
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the existentialist belief that rationality isn't the only or even the primary mode of human understanding and relating to the world
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do existentialists view human beings as objects?
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No. Existentialists view people as first person participants who understand their existence from the first-person point of view
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Heidegger's concept of being thrown
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Heidegger's concept of the situated subject
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Heidegger's key work:
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being and time
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Jean Paul Sartre
basic facts life span, nationality, roles |
1905-1980
-leading FRENCH existentialist -philosopher, playwright, political activist |
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Jean-Paul Sartre's key contributions
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-popularizing existentialism
-summarizing the existential perspective in the phrase "existence precedes essence," -developing existentialism as a philosophy of FREEDOM |
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Jean-Paul Sartre's key works:
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-Nausea
-Being and Nothingness -No Exit -Existentialism is a Humanism -Anti-Semite and jew |
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Sartre's famous concept
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existence precedes essence
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He popularized existentialism in the 1900s
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Sartre
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Simone de Beauvoir
key facts lifespan, contributed to which academic areas? |
1908-1986
-made significant contributions to literature, feminism, and existentialism |
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Simone de Beauvoir's key contributions to literature, feminism, and existentialism
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-addressing the problem of other people
-existential ethics -grounding modern feminism in a largely existential framework |
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With whom did Simone de Beauvoir have a romantic relationship?
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Jean-Paul Sartre
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Simone de Beauvoir's key works:
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-The Blood of Others
-The Ethics of Ambiguity -The Second Sex (most famous) -The Mandarins |
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Albert Camus
life span, where is he from?, the focus of his work |
1913-1960
from Algeria -conscience of existentialism -his philosophy focused on death |
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Albert Camus's key contributions
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-Writing the most accessible existential novels: The Stranger,
-developed a philosophy of ABSURDITY -infused existential philosophy with compassion and genuine humanity |
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Albert Camus's most famous works:
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-The Myth of Sisyphus
-The Stranger -The Plague -The Rebel |
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key term 1
absurdity |
What human beings encounter when they come in contact with the world. Absurdity is brought about because the human instinct to seek order and meaning is frustrated by the refusal of the world to be orderly and meaningful.
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key term 2
anxiety |
Kierkegaard says, "Anxiety is the dizziness of freedom." You feel anxiety because you recognize that you and you alone are responsible for your actions. This produces the two-sided feeling of simultaneous dread and exhilaration.
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key term 3
Alienation |
The sense that you're a stranger in the world, or a stranger to yourself. Many aspects of existence can be alienating. One of the primary sources is absurdity. Ironically, the stories and systems developed by philosophy and religion to address that absurdity can be just as alienating.
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key term 4
existence precedes essence |
Sartre's phrase to describe the existential situations humans find themselves in. It refers to the fact that when you're born, you have no meaning, no purpose, no definition. Human beings first exist, and only later define themselves.
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key term 5
Ubermensch |
The word Nietzsche uses to refer to his ideal human being. Literally "overman," the word reflects the importance in his philosophy of overcoming yourself. You overcome these things so that you might attain something greater. Nietzche's Ubermench is an unconventional creator of values, a joyous free spirit, one who embraces the earth instead of pining away for heaven.
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key term 6
The death of God |
the notion that belief in God alone, or belief in any religious or philosophical system, is sufficient to provide human beings with the meaning, purpose, and definition they crave. It's the recognition that because no external system can provide yo with the answers, you must take responsibility for providing them yourself.
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key term 7
Subjectivity |
Your first-person perspective on the world, including the needs, desires, and emotions that accompany that perspective. The existentialists take this as a valid and important strating point for genuinely human endeavors. This can be contrasted with the scientific mindset, which always starts with objectivity-- seeing people in impersonal, objective terms without emotion or appreciation for their individual point of view.
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Cartesian notion of consciousness
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I am only aware of my own consciousness
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skepticism
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If I see something as red, how do I know other consciousnesses don't see it as green
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Sartre's notion of consciousness
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we can know ourselves only in the context of others
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Hegel's notion of consciousness
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we become self-conscious only in relation with others (similar to Sartre's view)
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What was Kierkegaard's experience with romantic love during his youth?
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-fell in love with a woman named Regina.
-he proposed and they became engaged -a year later he broke off the engagement -he believed marriage would conflict with his piety (religiosity) |
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Kierkegaard rejected
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the orthodox Christianity of his time
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Instead of orthodox Christianity, Kierkegaard embraced...
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a vision of faith in which he BELIEF is considered to be a REAL CHOICE that can't be justified or validated by reason.
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Kierkegaard believed religious faith couldn't...
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be justified by reason
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This philosopher shows the flaws in the common misconception that existentialism is incompatible with religion
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Kierkegaard
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Kierkegaard believed that all of the most important decisions in life require:
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Risk (203)
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Sartre's notion of consciousness
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we can know ourselves only in the context of others
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Hegel's notion of consciousness
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we become self-conscious only in relation with others (similar to Sartre's view)
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What was Kierkegaard's experience with romantic love during his youth?
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-fell in love with a woman named Regina.
-he proposed and they became engaged -a year later he broke off the engagement -he believed marriage would conflict with his piety (religiosity) |
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Kierkegaard rejected
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the orthodox Christianity of his time
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Instead of orthodox Christianity, Kierkegaard embraced...
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a vision of faith in which he BELIEF is considered to be a REAL CHOICE that can't be justified or validated by reason.
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Kierkegaard believed religious faith couldn't...
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be justified by reason
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Kierkegaard's notion of the self
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Kierkegaard's notion of despair
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?
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This philosopher shows the flaws in the common misconception that existentialism is incompatible with religion
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Kierkegaard
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Kierkegaard believed that all of the most important decisions in life require:
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Risk (203)
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