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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Any body movement produced by skeletal muscles which results in energy expenditure? |
Physical Activiy |
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Exercise is a physical activity that is? |
Planned Structured Repetitive Purposive in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is an objective. |
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A technique that provides accurate estimates of metabolism from measures of CO2 production and O2 consupmtion |
Indirect Calorimetry
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How we measure calorie expenditure? |
we measure the O2 used to support biological oxidations.
-The caloric expenditure of exercise is estimated to be approx. 5 kcal per liter of O2 consumed. |
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VO2 (L/min) |
-Liters of O2 used per minute.
-Oxy. consumption (VO2) = [volume of O2 inspired] - [volume of O2 expired].
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VO2 (ml/kg/min) |
O2 consumption expressed in L/min is multiplied by 1000 for ml/min then divided by subjects body mass in kgs.
-allows for comparisons with body sizes. |
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kcal/min |
5 kcal per liter of O2 is used to convert the VO2 to kcal/min. |
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MET |
Represents resting metabolism and is taken by convention, to be 3.5 ml/kg/min. This is called 1 met. |
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Vital process of first identifying individuals at high risk for exercise-induced heart problems and then referring them to appropriate med. care. |
Health Screening |
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A comprehensive medical/health questionnaire should include the following. (8). |
1. Medical Diagnosis 2. Medical History 3. History of Symptoms 4. Recent Illness, Hospitalizations, surgical procedures. 5. Orthopedic Problems 6. Medicine Use / Allergies 7. Lifestyle Habits 8. Exercise History 9. Work History 10. Family History |
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ACM risk factors for heart disease? 8 |
1. Family History 2. Cigarette Smoking 3. Hypertension 4. Hyperglycemia 5. Obesity 6. Sedentary Lifestyle 7. Fasting Glucose |
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Family History |
-Myocardial infarction, coronary revasularization, or sudden cardiac death before 55 years in father or other male first-degree relative or before 65 years of mother or close woman |
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Cigarette |
Current smoker or those who have quit within the previous 6 months. |
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Hypertension |
SBP of Greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg or DBP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg. Total Cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl. If HDL is above 60 subtract a risk factors. |
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Obesity |
BMI of greater than or equal to 30 or waist girth greater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women. |
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Sedentary Lifestyle |
Not participating in 30 min of mod. int. physical activity (40-60% VO2R) on at least 3 days/ week for at least 3 months. |
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Fasting Glucose |
Fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 110 mg/dl. |
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Be able to classify/stratify level of risk (A-D) and what type of facility they would be in.
PG. 14, 15, 18, and 20. |
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Bipolar limb leads I, II, and III.
Look @ PG 25 to see placing. |
Calculates the mean depolarization of the vector of heart in frontal plane. |
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Unipolar augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF)
Look at placement PG 26. |
Determine the orientation of the heart. |
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Chest Leads (V1-V6)
Look at placement PG 27. |
6 more vies of heart's electrical activity and vector forces. Positioned around the ant. and left chest wall in a horizontal plane. |
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P Wave (atrial depolarization) |
Normal duration is .06 - .11 seconds |
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PR Interval indicates AV conduction |
Normal interval is .12 - .20 seconds in adults, longer in elderly. Shortens with increased HR |
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QRS Complex (Ventricular Depolarization) |
Norman interval is .06 to .12 seconds |
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Know direction of of cardiac current flow (given vector and axis direction). PG 24. |
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HR Response to acute exercise and what regulated heart rate?
Pg. 43-44 |
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What is cardiac output, stroke volume, and a-v O2s response to acute exercise and regulates these factors? Pg. 46-50. |
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VO2 Max |
-When subject's max tolerable work rate results in a flattening of the VoO2 work rate slow. |
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VO2 Peak |
-When VO2 does not slow its rate of rise with increasing work rate, bout the subject appears to have reached his or her maximal tolerable work rate. Graph Pg. 48 |
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Oxygen uptake response to rest to exercise. pg. 49-50. |
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Sum of all the forces that oppose blood flow in the body's blood vessel system? |
Systemic vascular resistance. Graph on pg. 52 |
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Acute regulation of blood pressure?
Long-term reg. of blood pressure? |
Acute - sympathetic nervous system
Long-term - function of the kidneys via regulation of blood volume.
Look at pg. 54 |
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The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with max. effort. |
Expiratory Reserve
3,000 ml |
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The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with max. effort. |
Inspiratory Reserve
1,200 ml |
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The max. amount of gas that can be expired after a max. inspiration. |
Biocapacity
4 L |
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Volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a max. expiration. |
Residual Volume. |
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The max. amount of air that can be inhaled following a normal expiration. |
Inspiratory Capacity |
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The amount of air remaining in the lungs following a normal expiration. |
Functional Residual Capacity |
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The amount of gas in the lungs after a max. inspiration. |
Total Lung Capacity |
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in 1 sec is the volume of gas expired in 1 sec by a forced expiration from a full inspiration |
Force Expiratory Flow |
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Venous Partial pressor of Oxygen (PvO2) is. |
40 mmHg
-Decreases with exercise. |
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Venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PvCO2) is. |
46 mmHg
-Increase with exercise. |
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Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is. |
95 mmHg
-Does not change with exercise.
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Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is. |
40 mmHg
-Slightly decrease with severe exercise. |
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The alveolar gas is being replaced at a rate greater than necessary. |
Hyperventilation
-Results in PaCO2 to decrease below 40 mmHg. |
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A supply of fresh air to the alveoli is less than needed to maintain PACO2 at 40 mmHg |
Hypoventilation.
*Look at pg. 62 for full understanding. |
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Assumptions for estimating VO2 max
-I. |
That a steady state HR and VO2 can be achieved and is consistent for each work rate. |
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II. Assumptions |
The mechanical efficiency during cycling or treadmill exercise is consistent for all individuals.
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Efficiency defined as. |
The energy or VO2 required for any given workload. |
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In a normal healthy adult efficiency is about. |
10 ml/min increase in VO2 for every 1 watt increase in work rate. |