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50 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Any body movement produced by skeletal muscles which results in energy expenditure?

Physical Activiy

Exercise is a physical activity that is?

Planned


Structured


Repetitive


Purposive in the sense that improvement or maintenance of physical fitness is an objective.

A technique that provides accurate estimates of metabolism from measures of CO2 production and O2 consupmtion

Indirect Calorimetry


How we measure calorie expenditure?

we measure the O2 used to support biological oxidations.



-The caloric expenditure of exercise is estimated to be approx. 5 kcal per liter of O2 consumed.

VO2 (L/min)

-Liters of O2 used per minute.



-Oxy. consumption (VO2) = [volume of O2 inspired] - [volume of O2 expired].



VO2 (ml/kg/min)

O2 consumption expressed in L/min is multiplied by 1000 for ml/min then divided by subjects body mass in kgs.



-allows for comparisons with body sizes.

kcal/min

5 kcal per liter of O2 is used to convert the VO2 to kcal/min.

MET

Represents resting metabolism and is taken by convention, to be 3.5 ml/kg/min. This is called 1 met.

Vital process of first identifying individuals at high risk for exercise-induced heart problems and then referring them to appropriate med. care.

Health Screening

A comprehensive medical/health questionnaire should include the following. (8).

1. Medical Diagnosis


2. Medical History


3. History of Symptoms


4. Recent Illness, Hospitalizations, surgical procedures.


5. Orthopedic Problems


6. Medicine Use / Allergies


7. Lifestyle Habits


8. Exercise History


9. Work History


10. Family History

ACM risk factors for heart disease? 8

1. Family History


2. Cigarette Smoking


3. Hypertension


4. Hyperglycemia


5. Obesity


6. Sedentary Lifestyle


7. Fasting Glucose

Family History

-Myocardial infarction, coronary revasularization, or sudden cardiac death before 55 years in father or other male first-degree relative or before 65 years of mother or close woman

Cigarette

Current smoker or those who have quit within the previous 6 months.

Hypertension

SBP of Greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg or DBP greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg. Total Cholesterol greater than 200 mg/dl. If HDL is above 60 subtract a risk factors.

Obesity

BMI of greater than or equal to 30 or waist girth greater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women.

Sedentary Lifestyle

Not participating in 30 min of mod. int. physical activity (40-60% VO2R) on at least 3 days/ week for at least 3 months.

Fasting Glucose

Fasting blood glucose greater than or equal to 110 mg/dl.

Be able to classify/stratify level of risk (A-D) and what type of facility they would be in.



PG. 14, 15, 18, and 20.

.

Bipolar limb leads I, II, and III.



Look @ PG 25 to see placing.

Calculates the mean depolarization of the vector of heart in frontal plane.

Unipolar augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF)



Look at placement PG 26.

Determine the orientation of the heart.

Chest Leads (V1-V6)



Look at placement PG 27.

6 more vies of heart's electrical activity and vector forces. Positioned around the ant. and left chest wall in a horizontal plane.

P Wave (atrial depolarization)

Normal duration is .06 - .11 seconds

PR Interval indicates AV conduction

Normal interval is .12 - .20 seconds in adults, longer in elderly. Shortens with increased HR

QRS Complex (Ventricular Depolarization)

Norman interval is .06 to .12 seconds

Know direction of of cardiac current flow (given vector and axis direction). PG 24.

.

HR Response to acute exercise and what regulated heart rate?



Pg. 43-44

.

What is cardiac output, stroke volume, and a-v O2s response to acute exercise and regulates these factors? Pg. 46-50.

.

VO2 Max

-When subject's max tolerable work rate results in a flattening of the VoO2 work rate slow.

VO2 Peak

-When VO2 does not slow its rate of rise with increasing work rate, bout the subject appears to have reached his or her maximal tolerable work rate.


Graph Pg. 48

Oxygen uptake response to rest to exercise. pg. 49-50.

.

Sum of all the forces that oppose blood flow in the body's blood vessel system?

Systemic vascular resistance. Graph on pg. 52

Acute regulation of blood pressure?



Long-term reg. of blood pressure?

Acute - sympathetic nervous system



Long-term - function of the kidneys via regulation of blood volume.



Look at pg. 54

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with max. effort.

Expiratory Reserve



3,000 ml

The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with max. effort.

Inspiratory Reserve



1,200 ml

The max. amount of gas that can be expired after a max. inspiration.

Biocapacity



4 L

Volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a max. expiration.

Residual Volume.

The max. amount of air that can be inhaled following a normal expiration.

Inspiratory Capacity

The amount of air remaining in the lungs following a normal expiration.

Functional Residual Capacity

The amount of gas in the lungs after a max. inspiration.

Total Lung Capacity

in 1 sec is the volume of gas expired in 1 sec by a forced expiration from a full inspiration

Force Expiratory Flow

Venous Partial pressor of Oxygen (PvO2) is.

40 mmHg



-Decreases with exercise.

Venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PvCO2) is.

46 mmHg



-Increase with exercise.

Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) is.

95 mmHg



-Does not change with exercise.


Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) is.

40 mmHg



-Slightly decrease with severe exercise.

The alveolar gas is being replaced at a rate greater than necessary.

Hyperventilation



-Results in PaCO2 to decrease below 40 mmHg.

A supply of fresh air to the alveoli is less than needed to maintain PACO2 at 40 mmHg

Hypoventilation.



*Look at pg. 62 for full understanding.

Assumptions for estimating VO2 max



-I.

That a steady state HR and VO2 can be achieved and is consistent for each work rate.

II. Assumptions

The mechanical efficiency during cycling or treadmill exercise is consistent for all individuals.



Efficiency defined as.

The energy or VO2 required for any given workload.

In a normal healthy adult efficiency is about.

10 ml/min increase in VO2 for every 1 watt increase in work rate.