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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 energy systems and what types of activities are they required for?
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1. phophagen - power
2. glycolytic - speed 3. oxidative - endurance |
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what is the time-energy system continuum?
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assume that the individual is working at a maximal maintainable intensity for a continuous duration
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what are the 3 immediate energy sources?
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1. ATP itself - hydrolizes to ADP+Pi
2. CP - 5-6x greater concentration in resting muscle, used for rephosphorylation 3. involves adenylate kinase which generates one ATP and one AMP from two ADPs |
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what are the non-oxidate glycolytic sources?
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glucose and glycogen
glucose->2 ATP + 2 lactate +2H takes place in cytosol next to contractile elements |
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what are the oxidative energy sources?
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sugars, carbohydrates, fats, and some amino acids
glucose yields more energy in oxidative breakdown fats yield more energy than glucose amino acids can be oxidized - must remove N by transamination or oxidative deamination - less prefered energy source |
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how do enzymes regulate metabolism?
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lower energy of activation, link exergonic and endergonic reactions
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describe allosterism
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enzymes have other binding sites that aren't active sites that act as modulators to inhibit or stimulate metabolic activity
these modulators (ATP-inhibitor, ADP,AMP,Pi - stimulators) change shape or orientation of enzyme |
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name enzyme properties
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Vmax - maximum velocity, catalysis rate
Km - substrate-enzyme interaction, defined as the substrate concentration that produces 0.5 Vmax |
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how do enzyme properties affect reactions?
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rate at which any process proceeds depends on Vmax and Km of responsible enzymes
they can coordinate physiological processes - eg hexokinase (muscle) a low Km enzyme would be maximally stimulated at normal blood gluocse levels |
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How is ATP homeostasis regulated?
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anything that disturbs ATP levels stimulates metabolism to preserve ATP homeostasis
based on adenylate energy charge = 2 ATP + ADP / ATP + ADP + AMP if all ATP = 1.0 |
