Exercise Phys

Front 1

Central Nervous System

Back 1

touch pain temperature and chemical stimuli

Front 2

Nervous system functions

Back 2

control internal enviroment
control movement
spinal cord reflexes
memory

Front 3

Nervous system had 2 divisions

Back 3

peripheral and central

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peripheral

Back 4

constist of neurons divided into sensory portion and motor portion

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afferent fibers

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nerve fibers which are sent to the CNS

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Structure of a neuron

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cell body dendrite axon

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dendrite

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carries signal toward

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axon

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send signal away

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kinesthesia

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conscious recongtion of the postion of body parts with respect to one another

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Cerebum

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large dome of the brain that is divided into right and left hemospheres

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Cerebellum

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lies behind pons and medulla coordinating monitoring complex

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The human body is made up of

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400 sketol muscles 40 to 50% total body weight

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Sketal Muscles performs 3 functions

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fore breathing and locomotion
force postural support
heat production during long stress

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flexors

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decrese joint angles

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extensors

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increase joint angle

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epinysium

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outermost layer surrounds entire muscle

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perimysium

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connective tissue surrounds muscle

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endomysium

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fasciulus surrounds by connective tissue

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Myofibrils

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threadlike structure that contains contractile protein

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Myofibrils has two charaterstics

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thick filaments composed of protein myosin has protein actin

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Sarcomeres

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structural proteins z line or Z disk

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sarcoplasmic reticulum

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storage site for calcium important in muscle contraction

Front 23

transverse tubules

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extends inward from the sarcolemma and passes completely through the fibers

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neuromuscluar junction

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the motor neuron and muscle meet

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motor end plate

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sarcolemma forms a packet

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sliding filament model

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process of musclar contraction is best explained

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3 sources of ATP in muscle contraction

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phosphacreatine glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation

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Muscular fatigue

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reduced ablity to generate fore

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Central fatigue

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subconscious brain reduce motor drive to contracting muscles during exercise

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Biomechemical charaterstics of the muscle

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oxidative capacity type of ATPase isoform

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Contractile Properties Muscle Performance

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Maximal force production
speed of contraction
muscle fiber efficiency

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maximal force of muscle is compared

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how much force the fiber produces per unit of fiber cross sectional area

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Contraction speed of muscle fiber composed by

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maximal shortening velocity

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the efficienty of muscle fiber is measured

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by muscle fiber economy

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fast fibers

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type IIx or IIa

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slow fibers

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type I

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ATP myosin output is higher in

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type IIx fibers

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increase muscle size

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hypertropy

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increase do to strenght training

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hyperplasia

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muscle disuse results from

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atrophy

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distance runners have about

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75 slow fibers 25 fast fibers

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none athletes have about

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50 slow fibers 50 fast fibers

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2 adjustments must be made of blood flow during exercise

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1.)increase cardiac output
2.)redistribution of blood flow from inactive organs to the active sketal muscles

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arteries

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blood away from heart

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veins

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blood to the heart

Front 46

purpose of cardiovascular system

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transport of oxygen
transport of nutrients to tissues
regulation of body temperature

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myocardium

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responsible for contracting and forcing blood out of the heart

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systole

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contraction phase

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distole

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relaxation phase

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difference between systole and distole

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pulse pressure

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Average during cardiac cycle is

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mean artiral pressure

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SA node

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pacemaker for the heart

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Electrocardiogram(ECG)

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electrical charges that occur in the mycardiagram during the cardiac cycle

Front 54

Blood pressure increase from these factors

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blood volume
heart rate
blood viscosity
stroke volume
periphal resistance

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Cardiac Output

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heart rate x stroke volume

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2 factors that influence heart rate

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Parasympathetic and sympathetic system

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parasympathetic fiber

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supply heart arise from neurons acts as breaking system slow down heart

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Stroke volume regulated by 3 factors

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EDV
average aortic blood pressure
strength ventricular contraction

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Venous return increase during exercise due to

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venoconstiction
muscle pump
respiratory pump

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muscles have

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mioglobin

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cardiovascluar drift

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is due to the influence of rising body temperature on dehydration and reduction of plasma volume

Front 62

Exercise in heat does what?

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decreases Stroke volume and increase heart rate