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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the cardiovascular system main functions? |
Delivery- oxygen and nutrients Removal- CO2 and metabolic wastes Transport- hormones Maintenance- body temp, fluid level and pH Prevention- infection |
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Define Cardiovascular disease (CVD) |
disease of the heart and blood vessels |
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Define coronary artery disease (CAD), Coronary heart disease (CHD) and Ischemic heart disease (IHD) |
disease obstructing blood supply, oxygen and nutrients from one or more arteries that supply the heart, usually due to atherosclerosis |
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Define Myocardial infarction (MI) |
obstruction in the coronary artery that last long enough to cause tissue death in the area of the heart |
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Define Chronic Heart Failure |
inability of the heart to pump enough blood required to meet the body's metabolic needs |
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Define Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) |
reduced blood flow to a body part other than the brain or heart |
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Define Stroke |
The sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen, caused by blockage of blood flow or rupture of an artery to the brain. Stats- prevalence increases w age 65-74- 8%M 5.3%F |
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What is the leading cause of death? |
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) - 31% |
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What are the chain of events leading to cardiovascular mortality? |
Risk Factors Athlerosclerosis and CAD IHD Coronary thrombosis Loss of cardiac muscle LV remodeling LV dilation Heart failure/death |
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What do Exercise Scientists specialise in? |
design, implementation and evaluation of exercise and physical activity for healthy people |
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What do Exercise Physiologists specialise in? |
Clinical exercise interventions for a broad range of pathological populations |
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What exercise intensity has a higher risk of cardiac arrest immediately post exercise? |
High intensity (1 in 23 000 people) |
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FACTS The risk for MI within the 1st hour post heavy physical exertion is 6x higher compared to light exertion |
FACTS People with low levels of habitual PA are 56% more likely to have a cardiac arrest during or post vig/high intensity exercise. |
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Why do we prescreen an individual? |
ID those with contraindications Detect individuals that should undergo further evaluation. |
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What are the 3 aspects of Pre-exercise screening/assessments? |
Medical History Physical Examination Laboratory tests |
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What is a risk factor? |
An aspect of personal behaviour/ lifestyle/environment based on epidemiological evidence (BIG & LOTS of studies) that is known to be associated with health-related conditions. |
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What is the difference between Primary Prevention and Secondary prevention? |
Primary Prevention- intervention prior to the onset of CVD Secondary Prevention- intervention after the onset of CVD eg heart attack preventing another heart attack |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Age Family History |
Age- Men >45 Women >55 Family Hx- 1st degree relative eg father, brother Females <65 |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Smoking BMI Waist Girth |
Smoking Within 6months BMI >30 Waist Girth Males >102 Females >88 |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Sedentary lifestyle |
<150 mins mod intensity -1 >150mins mod intensity |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Blood Pressure |
Resting SBP>140 and/or DBP >90 OR Current use of BP meds |
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What are the range of Normal BP and Stages 1-3 of Hypertension? |
Systolic Diastolic Normal 120-129 80-84 High Normal 130-139 85-89 HTN Stage 1 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 160-179 100-109 Stage 3 >180 >110 |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Dyslipidemia |
Total Cholesterol >5.2 LDL > 3.4 HDL <1.0 or on lipid lowering medication -1 = HDL >1.55 |
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ACSM Risk Stratification Impaired fasting glucose |
IFG > 5.5 Diagnosed with T2DM |
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What constitutes Low, Moderate and High Risk? |
Low Risk <1 risk factors Moderate Risk > 2 risk factors High Risk 1 or more signs/symptoms or with known CV, pulmonary or metabolic disease including DM. |
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In general, most individuals except for those with known serious disease can begin exercise at what intensity without medical evaluation/exercise test? |
Moderate intensity |
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What groups of people are more likely to develop CVD based on sitting time? |
Overweight, older adults and unemployed. |
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A VO2peak of <___ is associated with an increase in mortality and is the criteria for heart transplantation. |
<14mL/kg/min |
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FACT There is a dose relationship between PA and reduced cardio-metabolic risk factors. |
blank |
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What % HRMax is_____ intensity Sedentary Light Moderate Vigorous High |
Sedentary < 40% Light 40-55% Moderate 55-70% Vigorous 70-90% High 90%+ |
