Exercise 3: Scalp, Muscles Of Facial Expression, And Parotid Region

Front 1

Name the anatomical layers of the scalp.

Back 1

SKIN
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (Fascia = superficial and deep)
APONEUROSIS
LOOSE AREOLAR connective tissue
PERICRANIUM (skull periosteum)

Front 2

An infected wound of the scalp resulted in edematous swelling of the face. Was the infection above or below the epicranial aponeuroses? Why?

Back 2

- ABOVE the epicranial aponeurosis
- Wound originated from the scalp but the infection has migrated to the face – which means the infection spread via the SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

Front 3

Name the muscles that cause vertical lines of the skin on the forehead. OT

Back 3

CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

Front 4

Name the muscles that cause raised eyebrows. OT

Back 4

FRONTALIS

Front 5

Name the muscles that cause horizontal lines at the bridge of the nose. OT

Back 5

PROCERUS

Front 6

Name the muscles that cause the eyes to close. Name the muscles that close the eyes forcefully (squinting). OT

Back 6

-PALPEPRAL portion of ORBICULARIS OCULI
-ORBITAL portion of ORBICULARIS OCULI

Front 7

Name the muscles that cause raising the upper lip to show teeth. OT

Back 7

- QUADRATUS LABII SUPERIORIS
- LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS

Front 8

Name the muscles that depresses the lower lip to show teeth. OT

Back 8

- DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS
- DEPRESSEOR ANGULI ORIS

Front 9

Name the muscles that cause smiling. OT

Back 9

- ZYGOMATICUS
- RISORIUS

Front 10

Name the muscles that stretches the skin of the neck. OT

Back 10

PLATYSMA

Front 11

Name the muscles that allows for the blowing of the cheek. OT

Back 11

BUCCINATOR

Front 12

Name the muscles that are responsible for whistling. OT

Back 12

ORBICULARIS ORIS

Front 13

Name the 3 components of the orbicularis oculi and mention their function.

Back 13

- ORBITAL: allows for forceful closing and squinting of the eyes
- PALPEBRAL: normal closure of the eyelid
- LACRIMA: contracts to release lacrimal secretions from the lacrimal sac.

Front 14

Name the components of the quadrates labii superioris and mention their functions.

Back 14

- LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS elevates the upper lip.
- LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE NASI dilates the nostril and elevates the upper lip.
- ZYGOMATICUS MINOR raises the corners of the lip superiorly and laterally.

Front 15

Give another name for the triangularis and the craninus muscles of the face.

Back 15

LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS is another name for CANINUS and DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS is another name for TRIANGULARIS.

Front 16

Draw a labeled diagram of a lateral view of the mandible and indicate the sites of origin of muscles of facial expression.

Back 16

Muscles of facial expression origin on the mandible.

Front 17

Name the two muscles of facial expression that sandwich the infraorbital foramen of the maxilla.

Back 17

- LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS
- LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS (CANINUS)

Front 18

Name the two muscles of facial expression that overlap the mental foramen of the mandible.

Back 18

- DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS
- DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS (TRIANGULARIS)

Front 19

Which branch of the facial nerve crosses the zygomatic arch?

Back 19

TEMPORAL BRANCH of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 20

Name the branch of the facial nerve which crosses the facial artery and facial vein as they cross the inferior border of the mandible.

Back 20

MANDIBULAR BRANCH of the facial nerve (CN VII)

Front 21

Name the nerve(s) whose injury would lead to inability to close the right eye. OT

Back 21

Right TEMPORAL and/or right ZYGOMATIC branch injuries

Front 22

Name the nerve(s) whose injury would lead to inability to blow the mouth. OT

Back 22

BUCCAL branch

Front 23

Name the nerve(s) whose injury would lead to the inability to show the teeth on the left side. OT

Back 23

Left BUCCAL and MANDIBULAR branch

Front 24

Name the nerve(s) whose injury would lead to inability to stretch the skin of the neck. OT

Back 24

CERVICAL branch

Front 25

Name the nerve(s) whose injury would lead to the inability to wrinkle the skin of the forehead or raise the eye brow on the right side. OT

Back 25

Right TEMPORAL branch

Front 26

Name the foramen that transmits the facial nerve before it appears on the face.

Back 26

STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN

Front 27

Describe the course of the facial nerve from the site of its exit on the face to the sites of its distribution on the face.

Back 27

- Temporal branch runs obliquely across zygomatic arch and innervate the frontalis and orbicularis oculi.
- Zygomatic (upper and lower) branches run parallel to the parotid duct and innervate the orbicularis oculi
- Buccal branch runs on the cheek and supplies buccinator, orbicularis oris, and the muscles of the nose.
- Mandibular branch runs either parallel to the lower border of the mandible superficial to the facial vein and artery OR loops in the submandibular region and innervates muscles of the lower lip and chin.
- Cervical branch crosses the angle of the mandible and innervates the platysma.

Front 28

Name the vital structures that a surgeon should avoid during a parotidectomy.

Back 28

avoid cutting/injuring the FACIAL NERVE (CN VII) and all of its branches

Front 29

Describe the course of the partoid (sic?) duct from its origin to its termination in the cheek.

Back 29

- originates from the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland
- crosses the masseter muscle
- turns at an angle to pierce buccinator muscle
- opens into mouth opposite to the upper second molar tooth.

Front 30

From which parotid surface do you expect to see branches of the facial nerve exit to gain access to the muscles of the face.

Back 30

ANTEROMEDIAL surface of the parotid gland

Front 31

Name the components of the neurovascular structures in the preauricular region and describe their origin.

Back 31

- SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY: comes from the external carotid artery.
- SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL VEIN: vein begins on the side and vertex of the skull in a plexus which communicates with the frontal and supraorbital veins.
- AURICULOTEMPORAL NERVE: comes from the mandibular branch of CN V3