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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Urea

Nitrogen waste formed from two molecules of ammonia and one molecule of carbon dioxide

Uric Acid

A waste product formed from the breakdown of nucleic acids.

Ureter

A tube that conducts urine from the kidney to the bladder

Urethra

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body

Nephron

A functional unit of the kidney

Afferent arteriole

A small branch of the renal artery that carries blood to the glomerulus

Glomerulus

The high-pressure capillary bed that is the site of filtration.

Effete Arteriole

A small branch of the renal artery that carries blood away from the glomerulus to the peritubular capillaries

Peritubular capilary

A member of the network of small blood vessels that surround the tubular of the nephron

Bowman's capsule

The cuplike structure that surrounds the glomerulus

Proximal tubule

The section of the nephron joining the Bowman's capsule with the loop of henle

Loop of Henle

The section of the tubule that carries filtration from the proximal tubule to the distal tubule

Distal tubule

Conducts urine from the loop of henle to the collecting duct

Collecting duct

A tube that carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis

Threshold level

The maximum amount of a substance that can be moved across the nephron

Interstitial fluid

The fluid that surrounds the body cells

Kidney Stones

They are caused by the precipitation of mineral solute from the blood

Proper function of kidneys

Essential for maintaining equilibrium

How are kidney diseases detected?

Detected by urinalysis

Treatment for kidney disease

Dialysis and transplants

Nephritis

A broad description of many diseases characterized by inflammation of the nephrons. One type can affect the tiny vessels of the glomerulus

Diabetes Mellitus

It is caused by inadequate secretion of insulin from islet cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, blood glucose levels tend to rise. Need insulin injections

Urine formation depends of three functions

Filtration, reabsoption, and secretion

Functions of kidneys

Help maintain pH by excretion excess H+ ions and restoring HCO3 ions to the blood. Remove waste and maintain water balance


Medulla

The area inside of the cortex

Renal pelvis

The hallow area where the kidney joins the ureter

Cortex

The outer layer of the kidney