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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cum puero
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with the boy
Cum as a preposition will be closely followed by a word in the ablative case |
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cum domini irati servis
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with the angry master's servants
Cum as a preposition will be closely followed by a word in the ablative case |
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cives, cum hostes impetum fecerint, moenia defendent
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When the enemy attack (lit. will have attacked), the citizens will defend the walls
cum + indicative = expresses time only |
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tum clamores audivi cum surgebam
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I heard the shouts just when I was getting up
cum + indicative = expresses time only (reinforced by tum) |
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vix domum adveneram cum clamores audivi
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I had scarcely arrived home when I heard the shouts
cum + indicative = expresses time only |
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cum primum + indicative
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as soon as
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cum primum domum rediit, cubitum ivit
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As soon as he returned home, he went to bed.
cum primum + indicative = as soon as |
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pueri, cum taurum conspexerant, aufugiebant
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Whenever they saw a bull, the boys used to (would) run away
cum + pluperfect = whenever |
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pueri, cum taurum conspexerant, aufugiunt
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Whenever they see a bull, the boys run away
cum + pluperfect = whenever |
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dominus, cum omnia cognovisset, servos culpavit
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When the master learned the whole story, he blamed the slaves
cum + subjunctive can mean when, since or although. Judge on context. When only with past tenses of subjunctive |
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cum custodes dormirent, unus ex captivis effugit
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When the guards were sleeping, one of the prisoners escaped.
cum + subjunctive can mean when, since or although. Judge on context. When only with past tenses of subjunctive |
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discipuli, cum ignavi sint, poenas dabunt
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Since the pupils are lazy, they will be punished
cum + subjunctive can mean when, since or although. Judge on context. |
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cum senator multos inimicos haberet, neminem timebat
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Although the senator had many enemies, he feared no one
cum + subjunctive can mean when, since or although. Judge on context. |
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movit patres conscriptos cum causa tum actor
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Both the motion and its proposer influenced the senator
cum...tum... with a common verb can mean both...and... or not only...but also.... |
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dum per viam ambulabam, amicum meum quaerebam
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While I was walking along the street, I kept looking for my friend
dum + indicative = time only. While, as long as, or (sometimes ) until. |
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amicum meum quaerebam dum eum conspexi
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I kept looking for my friend until I caught sight of him
dum + indicative = time only. While, as long as, or (sometimes ) until. |
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dum cives legibus parebunt, res publica erit tuta
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As long as the citizens (will) obey the laws, the state will be safe
dum + indicative = time only. While, as long as, or (sometimes ) until. |
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dum per viam ambulo, amico meo occurri
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While I was walking along the street, I met my friend
dum + indicative = time only. While, as long as, or (sometimes ) until. |
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hic manebo dum tu vera mihi dicas
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I shall remain here until you tell me the truth
dum + subjunctive = until, when there is an underlying idea of purpose or intention |
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senatores exspectabant dum consul adveniret
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The senators were waiting for the consul to arrive (lit. until such time as the consult should arrive)
dum + subjunctive = 'until', when there is an underlying idea of purpose or intention |
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oderint dum metuant
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Let them hate so long as they fear
dum + subjunctive can = 'so long as' or 'provided that' depending on context |
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te adiuvabimus dummodo ne huc redeas
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We shall help you provided that you do not return here
dum (strengthened dummodo) + subjunctive can = 'so long as' or 'provided that' depending on |
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pauci, ut videtur, pro patria arma sumere volunt
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Few men, (as) it seems, are willing to take up arms for their country
ut + indicative = when, as |
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puer, ut taurum conspexit, quam cellerime aufugit
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When the boy caught sight of the bull, he ran off as quickly as possible
ut + indicative = when, as |
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haec, ut in secundis rebus, segniter otiosque gesta sunt
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This was done in a slow and leisurely way, as (was natural) in favourable circumstances
ut without a verb = introduces a phrase which reinforces or slightly modifies what has been said |
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inde perventum est ad frequentem, ut inter montanos, populum
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After that they reached a district that was thickly populated for a mountain region.
ut without a verb = introduces a phrase which reinforces or slightly modifies what has been said |
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tanta erat civium multitudo ut in mediam urben pervenire non possem
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So great was the number of citizens that I could not reach the city centre.
ut + subjunctive following words such as tam, tantus, ita, adeo = result. Translate as 'that' |
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Caesar principibus Gallorum imperavit ut obsides traderent
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Caesar ordered the Gallic chiefs to hand over the hostages
ut + subjunctive following a speaking/ordering verb = indirect command |
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lacrimantes regem oraverunt ut sibi parceret
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In tears they begged the king to spare them
ut + subjunctive following a speaking/ordering verb = indirect command |
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orator obsecrabat ut reus absolveretur
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The orator pleaded that the accused be acquited
ut + subjunctive following a speaking/ordering verb = indirect command |
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veritus sum ut milites me servarent
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I feared that the soldiers would not protect me
ut following vereri = that...not... |
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accidit ut...
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it happened that...
learn as vocab |
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fieri potest ut...
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it is possible that...
learn as vocab |
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ex quo factum est ut...
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the result of this was that...
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mane profecti sumus ut fugientes persequeremur
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We set off in the morning to pursue the fugitives
ut + subjunctive, but without fearing/ordering words or other big clue usually = Purpose. Trans. w infinitive |
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cras collem ascendemus ut solem orientem spectemus
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We shall climb the hill tomorrow to watch the sunrise
Ut w no obvious indicator as to use probably equals purpose |
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tibi, ut mihi videtur, domum redeundum est
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As it seems to me, you should return home
An ut clause preceding the verb on which it depends. |
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ut seritur, ita metitur
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As one sows, so does one reap
Ut clause preceding the verb on which it depends. As...so |
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hic contra ut paulum exspectaret manu significat
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He however gestured with his hand that he should wait a little
Ut clause preceding the verb on which it depends. Here introducing an Indirect command/purpose clause |
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ut hostes averteret, Hannibal Hannonem adverso flumine misit
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To distract the enemy, Hannibal sent Hanno upstream.
Ut clause preceding the verb on which it depends. Here introducing an Indirect command/purpose clause |
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quod praemium sperat Caecilius?
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What reward does Caecilius hope for?
quod as a neuter interrogative adjective |
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quod nomen tibi est?
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What is your name?
quod as a neuter interrogative adjective |
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flumen quod per fines Aeduorum fluebat, Caesar transire constituit.
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Caesar decided to cross the river which flowed through the territory of the Aedui.
quod as the neuter singular of the relative pronoun |
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id, quod vides, monumentum antiquissimum est.
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What (lit. that which) you see is a very ancient monument.
quod as the neuter singular of the relative pronoun |
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quod ea nocte cognovit, id ne uxori quidem patefecit
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What he learned that night he did not reveal even to his wife.
quod as the neuter singular of the relative pronoun (id/quod inverted) |
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quod tu fecisti, nemo culpare potest.
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No one can criticise what you have done.
quod as the neuter singular of the relative pronoun, antecedent id omitted |
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quod monumentum vides est antiquissimum.
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The monument which you see is very old.
quod as the neuter singular of the relative pronoun, with the antecedent incorporated into the relative clause. |
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nocte ex urbe discessit quod inimicos timebat
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He left the city at night because he feared his enemies.
quod introducing a Causal clause which may either follow or precede the main clause. |
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nostri, quod hostes numero superiores erant, se castris continebant
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Because the enemy were superior in number, out men confined themselves to the camp
quod introducing a Causal clause which may either follow or precede the main clause. |
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idcirco quod
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for the (simple) reason that
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propterea quod
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for the following reason, namely that
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Milonem reum fecerunt quod Clodium interfecisset
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They brought Milo to trial on the grounds that he had killed Clodium
quod introducing a clausal clause with a subjunctive verb, indicating that the reason is alleged rather than actual |
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hostes ad vallum currebant. quod cum vidisset
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The enemy ran towards the rampart. When he saw this...
quod as the first word in a sentence may be a 'linking relative', referring to a noun or statement in the previous sentence. |
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quam ferociter latrant hi canes!
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How fiercely these dogs are barking!
quam before an adjective or adverb usally introduces an exclamation or a question. Translate 'how' |
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quam mirabilem fabulam!
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What a wonderful story!
quam before an adjective or adverb usally introduces an exclamation or a question. Translate 'how' |
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quam celeriter huc rediisti?
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How quickly did you return here?
quam before an adjective or adverb usally introduces an exclamation or a question. Translate 'how' |
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nuntiam quam celeriter huc rediisset
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I asked the messenger how quickly he had returned here
quam before an adjective or adverb usally introduces an exclamation or a question. Translate 'how' |
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quam fabulam miles tibi narravit?
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What story did the soldier tell you?
Quam immediately preceding a feminine noun in the accusative case may be an interrogative adjective introducing a question |
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nescio quam fabulam miles tibi narraverit
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I do not know what story the soldier told you
Quam immediately preceding a feminine noun in the accusative case may be an interrogative adjective introducing a question |
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haec est navis quam cras conscendemus
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quam following a sing. fem. noun or pronoun may be the acc. s. fem. of the relative pronoun.
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raeda lente appropinquabat. quam ubi audivi, respexi
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The coach was approaching slowly. When I heard it, I looked round.
quam as the first word in a sentence may be a linking relative, referring to a fem. s. noun in the previous sentence. |
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nemo cantat dulcius quam soror tua.
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No one sings more sweetly than your sister
quam following a comparative adjective or adverb means 'than' |
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senex infirmior erat quam qui e lecto surgeret
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The old man was too weak (lit 'weaker than who') to get up from his bed.
quam following a comparative adjective or adverb means 'than' |
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te quam eum adiuvare malo.
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I prefer to help you rather than him
quam may mean 'than' when used with certain verbs or expressions that suggest comparison or preference. |
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nihil aliud quam pacem peto
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I seek only peace
quam may mean 'than' when used with certain verbs or expressions that suggest comparison or preference. |
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haec templa quam saepissime visitare conamur
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We try to visit these temples as often as possible.
quam preceding a superlative adjective or adverb means 'as...as possible' |
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quam maximum potuit numerum militum collegit
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He gathered as large a number of soldiers as possible.
quam preceding a superlative adjective or adverb means 'as...as possible' |
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nonne nostri tam fortes sunt quam hostes
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Surely our men are as brave as the enemy?
quam used with its correlative tam will usually be translated 'as' |
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non prius abibo quam omnia cognovero
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I shall not go away until I learn everything
priusquam split, so that quam appears as a seperate word |
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paucis post horis quam navigaveramus, tempestas coorta est.
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A few hours after we had sailed, a storm arose
postquam split, so than quam appears as a seperate word. |
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custodes missi sunt qui numtium comprehenderent
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Guard were sent to arrest the messenger
relative pronoun + subjunctive can = purpose (present or imperfect subjunctive, common w verbs such as ire, venire, mittere) |
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viator gladium habet quo se defendat
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The traveller had a sword with which to defend himself
relative pronoun + subjunctive can = purpose (present or imperfect subjunctive, common w verbs such as ire, venire, mittere) |
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Cicero, qui coniuratorum consilia sciret, rem publicam servavit
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Seeing that (since) he knoew the conspirators' plans, Cicero saved the state.
relative pronoun + subjunctive (any tense) - to explain the cause or reason underlying an action |
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ancillae, quippe quae falsa dixissent, castigatae sunt
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The maidservants were scolded since they had told told lies OR for telling lies
relative pronoun + subjunctive (any tense) - to explain the cause or reason underlying an action. Sometimes quippe accompanies |
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consul, qui aegrotaret, tamen ad Curiam ivit
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Although he was ill, the consul went to the Senate.
relative pronoun + subjunctive - can be concessive. Translate as 'although' |
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domina non erat tam stulta quae servo crederet
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The mistress was not so stupid as to believe the slave
relative pronoun + subjunctive can = result (with any tense) |
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dignus sum qui domum mittar
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I deserve to be sent home (lit. I am worthy so that (as a result) I should be sent home)
relative pronoun + subjunctive can = result (with any tense) |
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sunt qui credant te multa scelera admisisse
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There are some who believe that you have committed many crimes.
Relative pronoun + subjunctive describing a 'type' of person/thing or a 'class' of people. Generic use. |
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Caesar non erat is qui periculum timeret
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Caesar was not the sort of man to fear danger
Relative pronoun + subjunctive describing a 'type' of person/thing or a 'class' of people. Generic use. |
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nemo erat quin tibi confideret
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There was no-one who did not trust you
Generic use of relative pronoun + subjunctive. qui...non = quin |
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nemo hos versus umquam audivit quin lacrimaret
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No one has ever heard these lines without weeping.
Generic use of relative pronoun + subjunctive. qui...non = quin. Sometimes quin can be translated as 'without' |
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quin domum mecum venis?
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Why don't you come home with me?
quin + indicative = why...not? |
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quin conscendimus equos?
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Why don't we mount our horses?
quin + indicative = why...not? |
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nihil patrem deterrebit quin rus proficiscatur.
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Nothing will prevent my father from leaving for the country.
quin + subjunctive. After a verb of preventing or hindering, translate quin as 'from -ing' |
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nostri vix impediri poterant quin flumen transirent
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Our men could scarcely be stopped from crossing the river.
quin + subjunctive. After a verb of preventing or hindering, translate quin as 'from -ing' |
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quis dubitat quin vera dixeris?
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Who doubts that you told the truth? (ie no one is in any doubt)
quin + subjunctive after a verb of doubting, trans. as 'that' |
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non dubium erat quin falsa diceret
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There was no doubt that he was lying
quin + subjunctive after a verb of doubting, trans. as 'that' |
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nemo est quin sicat
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There is no one who does not know (ie everyone knows)
quin + subjunctive - usually means 'who...not' |
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nulla fuit civitas quin Caesari pareret
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There was no community which did not submit to Caesar
quin + subjunctive - usually means 'who...not' |
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quis est quin ei crederat
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Who is there who does not believe him?
quin + subjunctive - usually means 'who...not' |
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nemo est tam prudens quin interdum erret
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No one is so wise that he does not sometimes make a mistake
quin + subjunctive - usually means 'who...not' |
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numquam eum vidi quin riderem
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I never saw him without laughing
quin + subjunctive - usually means 'who...not' |
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fieri non potest quin vera dixerit
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It in impossible that he has not told the truth (ie He must have told the truth)
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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facere non possum quin te rideam
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I cannot help laughing at you
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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nulla causa est quin tibi credam
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There is no reason why I should not believe you
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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nihil praetermittemus quin patriam defendamus
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We shall leave no stone unturned to defend our country
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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mullum diem praetermitto quin aliquid novi discam
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I let no day pass without learning something new
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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haud multum afuit quin caderem
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I almost fell (lit. It was not far away from my falling)
quin + subjunctive. Stock phrase, learn as vocab item |
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sis felix!
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May you be fortunate
Subjunctive in a main clause expressing a wish |
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Caesar adveniat!
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Let Caesar come!
Subjunctive in a main clause expressing a command |
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statim proficiscamur!
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Let us set out at once!
Subjunctive in a main clause expressing an exhoratation |
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utinam Caesar veniat
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I wish Caesar would come
Subjunctive in a main clause expressing a wish |
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sit fur, at est dux bonus
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A thief he may be, but he is a good leader
Subjunctive in a main clause expressing a concession |
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si pater nos videat, nos puniat
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If father were to see us, he would punish us
Subjunctive in a main clause in a conditional sentence |
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quis tibi credat?
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Who would believe you? (if you were to say that?)
subjunctive in a main clause, conditional sentence, with the if clause omitted or suppressed. |
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quid faciam?
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subjunctive in a main clause - deliberative question.
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velim abire
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I should like to go away
Potential subjunctive in a main clause |
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ausim hoc negare
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I'd venture to deny this
Potential subjunctive in a main clause |
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malim
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I should prefer
potential subjunctive in a main clause |
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nolim
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I should not like
potential subjunctive in a main clause |
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utinam Caesar adesset
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I wish that Caesar were here
Imperfect subjunctive in a main clause, expressing a wish |
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si Caesar adesset, nullam periculum esset.
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If Caesar were here, there would be no danger
Imperfect subjunctive in a main clause - conditional sentence |
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quid faceret?
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What was he to do?
Conditional subjunctive in a main clause - deliberative question |
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crederes eos victos esse
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You would have thought they had been defeated
Potential imperfect subjunctive in a main clause |
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mallem domi manere
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I would have preferred to stay at home
Potential imperfect subjunctive in a main clause |
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ne existimaveris hoc esse facile
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Do not think this is easy!
Perfect subjunctive in a main clause - negative command |
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utinam me vidisses
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I wish you had seen me (then)!
Pluferfect subjunctive in a main clause, expressing a wish |
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castra, si hostes oppugnavissent, facile cepissent
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If the enemy had attacked the camp, they would have captured it easily.
Pluperfect subjunctive in the main clause of a conditional sentence. |
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licet abeas
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You may go away
Licet is most commonly used with the present infinitive, but can occasionally be used with the subjunctive in subordinate clauses. |
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licet mihi odio sis, tamen tibi subveniam
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Even though I hate you, I will still help you
Licet is most commonly used with the present infinitive, but can occasionally be used with the subjunctive in subordinate clauses. |
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di faciant ut vincas
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May the gods see to it that you win.
Facere is occasionally used with the subjunctive (with or without the ut) |
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fac redeas
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See to it that you return
Facere is occasionally used with the subjunctive in subordinate clauses(with or without the ut) |
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nihil te impedit quominus eum adiuves
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Nothing prevents you from helping him.
quominus (sometimes 2 words) + subjunctive in a subordinate clause = when used with verbs of hindering and preventing, translate as 'from -ing' |
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se gerit perinde ac si rex esset
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He is behaving exactly as if he were a king
perinde ac si, quasi, tamquam si and velut si may be used with the subjunctive when a comparison is made with an untrue situation. |
