Examkrackers Biology: Lecture 9

Front 1

1. Mendelian ratio?
2. Locus?
3. Law of segregation
4. Law of Independent Assortment

Back 1

1. The F2 generation ratio of initially PP & pp
2. Position on a chromosome
3. alleles separate independently of each other when forming gametes
4. genes located on different chromosomes assort independently of each other. The closer genes are on a chromosome, the more likely they will remain together

Front 2

1. Dihybrid cross
2. Phenotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?
3. Barr body

Back 2

1. Crossing two different traits - ex. wrinkled vs round
2. 9:3:3:1
3. A condensed X that becomes inactive - accompanying the female X sex-linked chromosome.

Front 3

1. Gene pool
2. Evolution
3. The course of development from embryo to adult reflects?

Back 3

1. total of all alleles in a population
2. A change in the gene pool
3. its evolutionary history

Front 4

1. What are the 3 domains?
2. Taxonomy classes
3. Niche

Back 4

1. Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
2. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (Kings play cards on flat green stools)
3. The way in which a species interacts with its environment - no two species can have the same niche

Front 5

1. What is considered the "fittest" animal?

Back 5

1. In the survival of the fittest theory, the organism that can survive to reproduce offspring that can reproduce offspring and so on...

Front 6

Explain the two opposing reproductive strategies: r-selection & K-selection

Back 6

r-selection is when an organism producing a lot of offspring - they mature quickly and have little parental care. The mortality rate is high for this group. Their pop. growth curves are exponential
K-selection is when an organism produces little offspring with slow maturation rate and much parental care. They have a sigmoidal curve, which levels off at carrying capacity.

Front 7

1. Speciation?
2. Adaptive radiation?

Back 7

1. Process by which new species are formed. When gene flow ceases between two sections of a population, speciation begins
2. When several separate species arise from a single ancestral species

Front 8

1. Divergent evolution?
2. Convergent evolution?

Back 8

1. When two or more species evolving from the same group maintain a similar structure from a common ancestor
2. When two species independently evolve similar structures

Front 9

1. Polymorphism
2. Symbiosis
3. Mutualism
4. Commensalism
5. Parasitism

Back 9

1. when two or more clearly different phenotypes exist in the same population of a species (short vs. tall people)
2. relationship b/t 2 species
3. the relationship can be beneficial for both
4. the relationship benefits one and doesn't effect the other
5. the relationship is beneficial for one and detrimental to the other

Front 10

1. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
2. 5 characteristics of H-W eq.

Back 10

1. when there is no change in the gene pool of a sexually reproducing population
2. (1)large pop. (2)mutational eq. (3)immigration/emigration must not change gene pool (4)random mating (5)no selection for the fittest organism

Front 11

1) Genetic drift
2) For 2 alleles, p+q= ?

Back 11

1. small populations are subject to genetic drift. This is when an entire trait can be lost due to the death of one member
2. 1 (p=dom, q=rec)

Front 12

1. Chordata
2. Deuterostomes
3. Coelom
4. Vertebrata

Back 12

1. Organisms that have bilateral symmetry - humans are in this category
2. their anus develops from or near the blastospore
3. chordates have a coelom - a body cavity within mesodermal tissue
4. have their notochord replaced by a segmented cartilage or bone structure