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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic Joint Examination
Basic principle |
Basic principle
- Look - Feel Move - Measure |
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Basic Joint Examination
Look |
Look
Swelling Joint swelling o Effusion (fluid accumulation within joint space) o Hypertrophy/inflammation of synovium (boggy swelling) o Bony overgrowth at joint margins (hard swelling in osteoarthritis) Erythema – Redness of overlying skin suggest active arthritis/infection of joint Atrophy - Muscle wasting – disuse, inflammation and sometimes nerve entrapment can all be responsible to the wasting of muscles near affected joint - Deformity – destructive arthritis causes distortion of the architecture of the area involved (e.g. ulnar deviation on RA) - Subluxation - Displaced pars of the joint surfaces remain partly in contact - Dislocation – Loss of contact between joint surfaces as result of damage to joint surfaces and the surrounding tissues and tendons Skin Scars – prev. operation may have been performed on joint/ tendon (e.g. replacement or repair) Rashes 1. Psoriasis – scaly silvery rash on the extensor tendons, associated with number of arthritis types 2. Vasculitis – inflammation of small arteries, causes skin (palpable purpura) and nail bed changes (e.g. linear haemorrhages) and can be associate with active arthritis (e.g. .rheumatoid arthritis) |
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Basic Joint Examination
Feel (4) |
Feel
- Warmth – active synovitis, infection, crystal arthritis (e.g. gout) - Tenderness – joint inflammation/infection - Synovitis – causes characteristic boggy swelling that is firmer than effusion - Bony swelling – osteophyte formation / subcondral bone thickening is very hard |
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sling
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slung (ps) slung (pp)
бросать |
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Basic Joint Examination
Measure |
Measure
- Estimate joint angles, record movement as number of degrees of flexion from anatomical position in extension - Tape measure o Quadriceps muscle bulk o Examination of spinal movement |
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Temporomandibular joint
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Remember temporomandibular joint
Inspection - Look in front of ear for swelling Palpation - Palpate by placing finger in front of ear and ask patient to open/close mouth - Head of mandible palpable as it slided forward when jaw opened - Feel for o Swelling o Tenderness o Clicking o Grating - RA commonly affects |
