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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hard power
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Assets that can be used negatively as threat or a sanction, or positively as an inducement by one country to shape the behavior of another country.
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Soft power
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Traits of a country that attract other countries to emulate it or otherwise follow its lead through the power of example.
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Relative power
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Power measured in comparison with the power of other international actors.
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Absolute power
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An element of power, such as nuclear weapons, that indisputably exists and can be potentially used irrespective of other considerations.
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Objective power
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Assets a country objectively possesses and has the will and capacity to use.
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Subjective power
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A countries power based on other countries perception of its current or potential power.
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Economic sanctions
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Economic measures imposed by a country or international governmental organization on one or more countries to change their behavior.
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International Court of Justice (ICJ)
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The world court, which sits in The Hague, the Netherlands, with 15 judges and is associated with the United Nations.
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International Criminal Court (ICC)
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The permanent criminal court with jurisdiction over genocide and other crimes against humanity.
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Prescriptive rights
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Obligations on a society and its government to try to provide a certain qualitative standard of life that, at a minimum, meets basic needs and perhaps does not differ radically from the quality of life enjoyed by others in the society.
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Proscriptive rights
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Prohibitions to having something done to an individual or a group. These rights are usually expressed in such terms as "the government may not..."
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Cultural imperialism
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The attempt to impose your own value system on others, including judging others by how closely they conform to your norms.
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Relativism
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The idea that human rights are a result of culture.
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Universalism
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The idea that human rights derive from sources external to societies.
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
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Adopted by the UN General Assembly, it is the most fundamental internationally proclaimed statement of human rights in existance.
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Jus gentium
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The Western concept meaning "just cause of war," which provides a moral and legal basis governing causes for war.
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Levels of analysis
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Different perspectives from which international politics can be analyzed.
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Individual-level of analysis
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An analytical approach that emphasizes the role,\ of individuals as either distinct personalities or biological/psychological beings.
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State-level of analysis
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An analytical approach that emphasizes the actions of states and the international causes of their policy.
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System-level of analysis
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An analytical approach that emphasizes the importance of the impact of world conditions on the actions of states and other international actors.
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Deterrence
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Persuading an opponent not to attack by having enough forces to disable the attack and/or launch a punishing the countries and ease tensions.
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First-use option
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The possibility of a nuclear country using its nuclear weapons first in a war with another nuclear country or using its nuclear weapons against a non-nuclear country.
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Nuclear Utilization Theory (NUT)
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The belief that because nuclear war might occur, countries must be ready to fight, survive, and win a nuclear war.
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General and Complete Disarmament
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The total absence of armaments.
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Collective security
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The original theory behind UN peacekeeping, It holds that aggression against one state is aggression against all and should be defeated by the collective action of all.
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Pacifism
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A bottom-up approach to avoidance of war based on the belief that it is wrong to kill.
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Peacekeeping
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The use of military means by an international organizatiom such as the United Natios to prevent fighting, usually by acting as a buffer between combatants.
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Peace enforcing
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The restoration of peace or the prevention of a breach of the peace by, if necessary, the assertive use of military force to compel one or more of the sides involved in a conflict to cease their violent actions.
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MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
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A situation in which each nuclear superpower has the capability of launching a devastating nuclear second strike even after an enemy has attacked it.
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International Political Economy (IPE)
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An approach to the study of international relations that is concerned with the political determinants of international economic relations and also with the economic determinants of international political relations.
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Capitalism
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An economic system based in the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, competition, and profit incentives.
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Economic Nationalism
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The belief that the state should used its economic strength to further national interests, and that a state should use its power to build its economic strength.
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Economic Internationalism
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The belief that international economic relations should and can be conducted cooperatively because the international economy is a nonzero-sum game in which prosperity is available to all.
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Economic Structualism
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The belief that economic structure determines politics, as the conduct of world politics is based on the way that the world is organized economically.
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Interdependance
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The close interrelationship and mutual dependance of two or more domestic economies on each other.
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Multinational Corporations (MNC)
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Private enterprises that have production subsidiaries or branches in more than one country.
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Neocolonialism
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The notion that EDCs continue to control and exploit LDCs through indirect means, such as economic dominance and co-opting the local elite.
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Tariff
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A tax, usually based on percentage of value, that importers must pay on items purchased abroad.
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Nontariff Barrier (NTB)
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A non-monetary restriction on trade, such as quotas, technical specifications, or unnecessarily lengthy quarantine and inspection procedures.
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Protectionism
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Using tariffs or nontariff barriers such as quotas or subsidies to protect a domestic economic sector from competition from imported goods or services.
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General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
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The worlds primary organization promoting the expansion of free trade.
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