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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Trojan War
Who fought in the Trojan war? What famous story tell about the Trojan war? What famous story comes from this war? |
During the 1200 B.C. the Mycenaean’s fought a ten- year war against troy
the story of the war is told in the “Iliad” Trojan Horse story comes from this war |
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Epic
What is an epic? Why did the Greeks have epics? What were two famous Greek epics? |
myths passed orally from generation to generation.
The greeks used epics to preserve stories of their history and time when they had no written language The most famous were the Iliad and the Odyssey |
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Homer
What two famous stories did Homer write? |
They guy who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey
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Polis
What is a polis? What were the two most famous poli? Why did the poli develop alliances? |
City state
The two most famous and powerful Poli were Athens and Sparta The Poli developed alliances, called leagues which fought together against attacks. |
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Democracy
What is a democracy? Who could vote in Athens? |
Athenians created a democracy: a government ruled by the people instead of a king.
Only Men, born in Athens, no slaves could vote |
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Oligarchy
Which polis was an oligarchy? What is an oligarchy? |
Sparta government
Led by a small group of citizens |
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Aristotle
Who was Aristotle? What two things is he famous for? Who taught Aristotle? |
Famous greek philosopher
Focused on using logical reasoning He was the first to classify animals by species Plato's student |
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Socrates
Who was Socrates? What did he invent? Why was he killed? |
famous greek philosopher
invented debate He was executed for denying the Greek gods |
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Plato
Who was Plato? What did Plato do? |
Famous Greek philosopher
opened the first center for higher learning in greece it was called the academy. |
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Alexander the Great
Who was Alexander the great? What 3 things is Alexander famous for? |
Became king of macedonia when his father was assassinated in 336 BC.
He destroyed the city of Thebes Conquered Persia the longtime enemy of greece He created Hellenistic Culture when he combined his Empire He built a library in Alexandria that preserved greek knowledge |
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Hellenistic
What cultures combined to make Hellenistic culture? Who created Hellenistic culture? |
A blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian ideas.
Alexander the Great |
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Hippocrates
Who was Hippocrates? Which groups still use the Hippocratic Oath? |
Hippocrates led the most famous medical school at the time
Doctors today still take the Hippocratic oath |
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Pythagoras
What did Pythagoras start? |
Provided the basic principles of today’s Geometry
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Pythagoras
What did Pythagoras start? |
Provided the basic principles of today’s Geometry
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What effect did geography have on Greece?
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Mountains = city states
Rocky soil = trading (not farming) surrounded by water = trade by boat |
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Compare Athens and Sparta in three areas:
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Government: Sparta- oligarchy , Athens- limited democracy
Values: Sparta - physical courage, strength and bravery in war Educated to fight, read maps, accounting (war stuff) Athens- valued reading, writing and music subjects that Sparta felt were useless Legacy: Spartans - military, The battle of 300 Athens - democracy |
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What caused the “Golden Age of Greece” ?
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Athens was so proud that the Greeks defeated the Persians in the Persian wars that they wrote poems and created art about it.
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What ended the Golden Age?
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Peloponnesian War when Spartans invaded Athens and that weakened Greece
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What happened to Alexander’s Empire, and why?
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It fell apart because he died
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What was the long-lasting effect of Alexander’s empire?
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He created Hellenistic Culture when he combined his Empire
He built a library in Alexandria that preserved Greek knowledge |
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Twelve Tables
What were the Twelve Tables? Why were the Twelve Tables written and posted? |
the laws of ancient Rome
- they were written down and posted in the middle of town because the plebeians (common people) demanded it |
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Hannibal
Who was Hannibal? |
a great general
he fought for Carthage (in Africa) during the Punic Wars |
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Plebeians
Who were the plebeians? |
these were the common people in Rome
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Patricians
Who were the patricians? What parts of the government did they control? |
the powerful landowners
they controlled the magistrates and the senate |
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Patricians
Who were the patricians? What parts of the government did they control? |
the powerful landowners
they controlled the magistrates and the senate |
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Julius Caesar
Who was Julius Caesar? Who killed Julius Caesar and why? |
he started as general, then became a consul, later he was named the dictator
he was killed by a group of Senators because he took away power from the senate |
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Roman Republic
How many branches were in the Roman Republic? Which branch of the Roman Republic was the Strongest? |
It had three branches; the senate, assemblies, magistrates
The senate was the oldest and most powerful |
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Roman Empire
Who cause the Roman Empire? What was the Roman Empire? |
what they had after Caesar
a dictator (or Emperor) rules the government they still have the three branches, but the leader makes all of the decisions |
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Punic Wars
Why were the Punic Wars bad for Rome? |
Rome vs Carthage: Rome won
They caused trouble for Rome because farmers lost their farms while fighting, had to sell their land. Had to move to the cities for jobs the new colonies were controlled by governors who over-taxed the people |
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Partial Citizens
What were partial citizens? What rights did partial citizens have? |
people who were conquered by Rome (in places like Greece)
they were allowed to own land and get married NOT ALLOWED TO VOTE |
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Martyrs
What is a martyr? Name a martyr? |
- Anyone who dies (or suffers) for their beliefs
- Jesus - Christians who were fed to the lions |
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Latin
What language was spoken in Rome? |
the Language of the Roman Empire
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Jesus
Who was Jesus? |
He is the founder of Christianity. He was a Jewish teacher, he was crucified for his teaching
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Christos
What does Christos mean? |
Means messiah in Greek
It is the name given Jesus after he died |
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Constantine
Who was Constantine? |
The first Roman emperor to allow Christianity
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Discuss the positive and negative geographical features of ancient Rome.
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good: water is good for trade and travel, mountains protect from invaders
bad: so much coastline is hard to protect, mountains make trade and travel in the north hard to reach |
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How was the Roman Republic similar to our (US) government?
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three branches
consuls are similar to president checks and balances /vetoes senate How did the Punic War cause problems for Rome? |
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Who killed Julius Caesar and why?
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- SENATE because they lost their power
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Why were good roads and bridges so important to the Roman Empire?
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Trade, Travel, WARFARE
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icon
What are Icons? |
Holy picture used for worship ( usually Jesus or a saint )
- used by many Roman Catholics |
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dowry
What is Dowry? |
money or property brought by a wife to a marriage
justinian made it so that women could keep their dowry |
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excommunication
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when people are kicked out of the Roman Catholic Church
the pope tried to excommunicate the Emperor of Byzantine empire |
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excommunication
What is excommunication? |
when people are kicked out of the Roman Catholic Church
the pope tried to excommunicate the Emperor of Byzantine empire |
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Greek Fire
What is Greek Fire? |
flammable liquid that was used by the Byzantine navy
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Pope
Who is the Pope? |
- leader of the Roman Catholic Church ( west )
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Patriarch of Constantinople
Who is the patriarch of Constantinople? |
- leader of the Eastern Orthodox Church ( in Constantinople )
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Eastern Orthodox Church
Who is the leader? And Where was it located? |
Rule by patriarch of Constantinople, in Constantinople
broke off from the Roman Catholic Church |
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Roman Catholic Church
Who ruled the Roman Catholic Church? Where was it located? |
Ruled by the pope
centered in Rome the original Christian church |
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Hagia Sophia
What does Hagia Sophia mean? |
Means “holy wisdom”
domed building on a square base church located in Constantinople/Istanbul |
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Hagia Sophia
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Means “holy wisdom”
domed building on a square base church located in Constantinople/Istanbul |
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Emperor Justinian
Who was Emperor Justinian? |
Byzantine Emperor Accomplishments: Justinian Code, Hagia Sophia, improved women’s right, increased size of empire (Nika Revolt)
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Theodora
Who was Theodora? |
- Justinian’s wife and advisor
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Belisarius
Who was Belisarius? |
Justinian’s general
put down the revolt, increased the size of the empire |
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What were three achievements under Emperor Justinian’s reign?
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Justinian code, Hagia Sophia, improved women’s rights, increased size of empire.
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2. What modern country uses a law system based on the Justinian Code?
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England ( English civil law)
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3. Explain the MAIN reason for the division of the Christian Church in 1054.
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They could not agree on Icons- whether they were okay or idols. The emperor and the pope were fighting for power and authority
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Name three achievements of the Byzantine Empire.
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Mosaics, Hagia Sophia, Justinian Code
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5. Why was the location of the Byzantine Empire key to its development?
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It was west of Rome in the area that connects Asia to Europe (Turkey) and surrounded by water. EXCELLENT FOR TRADE.
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Boyars
Who were the Boyars? |
Russian nobles, killed Ivan the Terrible’s mom and dad
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Vladimir I
What did Vladimir I do? |
Converted Russia to Christianity
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Yaroslav the Wise
Who is Yaroslav the Wise? |
Built lots of churches, Russia’s first written code of law
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The Rus
What is the Rus? |
Where Russia’s name came from, nickname of the Vikings
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Ivan IV
What are good and bad things that Ivan the Terrible did? |
Ivan the Terrible (Awesome)
He was a very strong leader United Russia and made it bigger Increased trade Improved the code of law Created the “Tsar” Czar” - ultimate ruler of Russia Killed his own son Killed whole families of Boyars Abused his daughter Attacked his enemies in the palace with his dogs |
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How did the Mongols rule Russia?
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They just taxed the leaders - they never ruled Russia themselves
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What was city was once known as “the second Rome”? What is it called today?
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Constantinople, Istanbul
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What city was known as “the third Rome” and WHY?
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Moscow, when Constantinople fell to the Turks (Muslim) Moscow was the largest Christian City
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Islam
What does Islam mean? Who is the founder of Islam? |
-Means “submission to the will of God”
-The founder is Muhammad -Began in Mecca, Saudi Arabia holy book- Koran/Quran - name for god- Allah -main rules- Five Pillars |
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Muslim
Who were the muslims? |
Followers of Islam (people)
five pillars are essential to every day life |
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Sunni
What did the Sunni believe? |
believe agreement among the people should settle religious matters, such as choosing a caliph
The majority of Muslims are sunni |
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Shi’ah
What did the Shi'ah believe? |
believe that only descendants of Muhammad should be the religious leaders- Imams
- only about 10% of Muslims are Shi’ah |
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Five Pillars
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-One God
-Five Daily Prayers -Money/taxes for the poor -Fasting during Ramadan -Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) |
