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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Special-act charter
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list what a city can/cannot do
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General-act charter
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applies to a number of cities that fall within classification, usually based on a city's population
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Dillon's rule
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authorizes a municipality to exercise only those powers expressly given, implied, or essential to the accomplishment of its enumerated powers
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Home-rule charter
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allows a city to do anything that is not prohibited by the charter or state law
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Every city but ___ and ___ has county governments
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CT and RI
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Project grants
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awarded on the basis of competitive applications
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Police power
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laws and regulations not otherwise unconstitutional that promote health, safety, and morals
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Initiative
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allows voters to place legislative measures directly on the ballot by getting enough signatures
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Referendum
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voters can reject a measure adopted by the legislative
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Recall
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used by 20 states, voters can remove an elected official from office
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Grants were attractive due to...
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1. access to Federal money during a time when the government had huge budget surpluses
2. introduction of the federal income tax in the 1920s 3. federal control of money supply 4. appeared as free money for state officials |
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Categorical grants
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made for some specific, closely defined purpose, such as school lunch programs or the construction of airports or water treatment plans; usually strings attached
90% of all grants equalization - state/local governments must put up some of their own funds in order to get federal money |
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Block grants
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allocated for broader purposes
health care, social services, or welfare; fewer strings ttached |
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Project grants
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Used for a variety of purposes from medical research to job training and employment pgorams
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Revenue sharing
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Used from 1972-1987; have annual share of federal tax revenues to States and local governments
ended 1986 because of mismanagement of funds by states |
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Mandate
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federal government imposes its will upon states
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Unfunded mandate
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refuses to give money
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UMRA (Unfunded Mandates Reform Act)
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kept congress from imposing things on states without appropriate funds
requires analysis of any bill expected to cost governments more than $50 million CBO performs this analysis; same is required for private sector $100 million or more |
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1981 - Reagan asked Congress to consolidate
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83 categorical grants into 6 block grants
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