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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Block Grants |
National government funding provided to state and local governments, with relatively few restrictions or requirements on spending. |
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Civic Voluntarism |
Citizen participation in public life without government incentives or coercion (speaking at a town meeting versus paying taxes, for example). |
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Concurrent Powers |
Governmental authority shared by national and sate governments, such as the power to tax residents. |
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Confederation |
A group of independent states or nations that yield some of their powers to a national government, although each state retains a degree of sovereign authority. |
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Cooperative (or marble cake) Federalism |
Mingled governing authority, with functions overlapping across national and state governments. |
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Devolution |
The transfer of authority from national to state or local government level. |
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Diffusion |
The spreading of policy ideas from one city or state to others; a process typical of U.S. federalism. |
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Dual (or layer cake) Federalism |
Clear division of governing authority between national and sate governments. |
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Full Faith and Credit Clause |
The constitutional requirement that each state recognize and uphold laws passed by any other state. |
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Granted Powers |
National government powers set out explicitly in the Constitution. |
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Grants - in - Aid |
National government funding provided to state and local governments, along with specific instructions about how the funds may be used. |
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Inherent Powers |
National government powers implied by, but not specifically named in, the Constitution. |
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Necessary and Proper Clause |
The constitutional declaration that defines Congress's authority to exercise the "necessary and proper" powers to carry out its designated functions. |
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New Federalism |
A version of cooperative federalism, but with stronger emphasis on state and local government activity, versus national government. |
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Reserved Powers |
The constitutional guarantee (in the Tenth Amendment) that the states retain government authority not explicitly granted to the national government. |
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Supremacy Clause |
The constitutional declaration that the national government's authority prevails over any conflicting state or local government's claims. |
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Unfunded Mandate |
An obligation imposed on state or local government officials by federal legislation, without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs. |
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Unitary Government |
A national polity governed as a single unit, with the central government exercising all or most political authority. |
