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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cueiform |
First Writing system established Made in Sumerian in 3000 BCE. |
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Hammurabi's Code of Law |
A law which stated a consequence which was to match the crime (ex. An eye for an eye) Meso Babylonians set in stone |
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Mandate of Heaven |
The Mandate of Heaven is an ancient Chinese belief and philosophical idea that god (天; Tian) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well and fairly. The Xuo Dynasty Still in effect today. |
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Scholar-gentry |
The scholar-gentry carried out social welfare measures, taught in private schools, helped negotiate minor legal disputes, supervised community projects, maintained local law and order, conducted Confucian ceremonies, assisted in the government's collection of taxes, and preached Confucian moral teachings. A poor smart person can become powerful. |
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Legalism |
Legalism was a philosophy of administration in ancient China. Upon first acquaintance with this system it seems no more than a rationalization by political administrators for their having total political control of their societies. Xou Dynasty zhin used this it was an ideal of reward the good punish the bad. |
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City-State |
A city-state is an independent or autonomous entity, not administered as a part of another local government, whose territory consists of a city and usually its surrounding territory. (Greece Athens Meso.) |
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Polytheism |
Polytheism refers to the worship of or belief in multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals. |
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Civil Service Examination system |
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy. Although there were imperial exams as early as the Han dynasty, the system became the major path to office only in the mid-Tang dynasty, and remained so until its abolition in 1905. Han Dynasty |
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Delian League |
The Delian League, founded in 478 BC, was an association of Greek city-states, members numbering between 150 to 173, under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue fighting the Persian Empire after the Greek victory in the Battle of Plataea at the end of the Second Persian invasion of Greece. Athens gets stronger. |
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Hellenistic culture |
Hellenization, or Hellenism, refers to the spread of Greek culture that had begun after the conquest of Alexander the Great in the fourth century, B.C.E. One must think of the development of the eastern Mediterranean, really, in two major phases. Combined Greek and Masedoneia |
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Eunuchs |
Male who has been castrated very powerful leaders and guards especially to guard a prince or princess. |
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Karma |
(in Hinduism and Buddhism) the sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences. India. |
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Nirvana |
Nirvana is the earliest and most common term used to describe the goal of the Buddhist path. [ 1] The literal meaning of the term in Sanskrit is "to be blown out" or "to be extinguished". The perfect end time, a buddhist heaven |
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Queen Hatshepsut |
A daughter of King Thutmose I, Hatshepsut became queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother, Thutmose II, around the age of 12. Upon his death, she began acting as regent for her stepson, the infant Thutmose III, but later took on the full powers of a pharaoh, becoming co-ruler of Egypt around 1473 B.C. |
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Confucius |
Confucius Was the creator of the famous belief of Confucianism (See Confucianism) Xou Dynasty impacts china like crazy |
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Laozi |
Laozi was a philosopher and poet of ancient China. He is best known as the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching and the founder of philosophical Taoism, but he is also revered as a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. He was also an albino. |
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King David |
David was the eighth and youngest son of Jesse from the kingly tribe of Judah. He was also a direct descendent of Ruth the Moabite. David began his life as a shepherd in Bethlehem. One day, the prophet Samuel called him out of the field and anointed him without the knowledge of the current king, Saul. king of israel he slew goliath. |
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Abraham |
A prophet with strong ties in Judaism is known as "The father of the Jews" Has the first covenenat |
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Moses |
An Egyptian prince who later became a religious leader |
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Alexander the Great |
Conqueror and king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 B.C., in Pella, Macedonia. During his leadership, from 336 to 323 B.C., he united the Greek city-states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia, Babylon and Asia, and created Macedonian colonies in the region. While considering the conquests of Carthage and Rome, Alexander died of malaria in Babylon, Persia (now Iraq), on June 13, 323 B.C. |
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Julius Ceasar |
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general, statesman, Consul, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Died on march 15th |
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Marc Antony |
Marcus Antonius, commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire. |
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Octavian (Augustus Caesar) |
The future emperor Augustus was born into an equestrian family as Gaius Octavius at Rome on 23 September 63 BC. His father, Gaius Octavius, was the first in the family to become a senator, but died when Octavian was only four. |
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Marcus Aurelius |
Marcus Aurelius was Roman Emperor from 161 to 180. He ruled with Lucius Verus as co-emperor from 161 until Verus' death in 169. He was the last of the Five Good Emperors, and is also considered one of the most important Stoic philosophers. His death ends the Pax Romana |
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Constantine |
Constantine the Great, also known as Constantine I or Saint Constantine, was Roman Emperor from 306 to 337. Constantine was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort Helena. Moved the capitol to constantinople |
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Diocletian |
Diocletian was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305. Born to a family of low status in the Roman province of Dalmatia, Diocletian rose through the ranks of the military to become cavalry commander to the Emperor Carus. Split Roman empire in two the east and the west. |
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Aryans |
Aryan, former name given to a people who were said to speak an archaic Indo-European language and who were thought to have settled in prehistoric times in ancient Iran and the northern Indian subcontinent. The theory of an “Aryan race” appeared in the mid-19th century and remained prevalent until the mid-20th century. |
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Dasas |
Dasa is a term that initially had the connotation of "enemy," as relating to tribes identified as the enemies of the Indo-Aryan tribes in the Rig Veda. The word later acquired exalted religious connotations. Cast system. |
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Chandragupta Maurya |
Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire and the first emperor to unify most of Greater India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his son Bindusara in 298 BC. The height of the empire |
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Ashoka |
Ashoka Maurya, commonly known as Ashoka and also as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from circa 269 BCE to 232 BCE. Buddhist indian emporer |
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Chandra Gupta |
Chandragupta was a major king in the Gupta Empire around 320 CE and is generally considered as the founder of the Gupta dynasty. As the ruler of the Gupta Empire, he is known for forging alliances with many powerful families in the Ganges region. |
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Confucianism |
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is an ethical and philosophical system, on occasion described as a religion, developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551–479 BCE). Idealology of the family. |
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Daoism |
Along with Confucianism, “Daoism” (sometimes called "Taoism") is one of the two great indigenous philosophical traditions of China. |
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Animism |
Animism (from Latin animus, -i "soul, life") is the worldview that non-human entities (animals, plants, and inanimate objects or phenomena) possess a spiritual essence. |
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Buddhism |
Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world. The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself awakened (enlightened) at the age of 35. |
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Christianity |
Christianity is a religion based upon the teachings and miracles of Jesus. Jesus is the Christ. The word "christ" means anointed one. Christ is not Jesus' last name. |
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Hinduism |
Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma ("eternal spiritual path") began about 4000 years ago in India. It was the religion of an ancient people known as the Aryans ("noble people") whose philosophy, religion, and customs are recorded in their sacred texts known as the Vedas. No big need for missionaries |
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Judaism |
Judaism is a monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. |
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Neolithic Era |
After the term “Stone Age” was coined in the late 19th century CE, scholars proposed to divide the Stone Age into different periods: Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The term Neolithic refers to the last stage of the Stone Age. |
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Paleolithic Era |
Paleolithic Period, also spelled Palaeolithic Period, also called Old Stone Age, ancient cultural stage, or level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools. (See also Stone Age.) |
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Bronze Age |
The Bronze Age is a time period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. |
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Iron Age |
The Iron Age is the period of European history that dates from around 800 BC to the Roman Conquest when iron was first used instead of bronze to make tools and weapons. In the parts of Europe the Romans never conquered, the term Iron Age is used to cover the time period up to the medieval period. Began in 1300 BCE
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Persian Wars |
In the first stage of the war between Persia and Greece the Persian armies were led by king Darius I (550-486 B. C.). The Persians lost to the Athenians and their Greek allies. In the famous land battle of Marathon in 490 B.C. the Persians were defeated by the Athenians and the Plataeans. |
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Peloponnesian Wars |
The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. Athens lost and became weak. |
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Punic Wars |
The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place. Fought over mediterranean sea |
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Sumeria |
Sumer, site of the earliest known civilization, located in the southernmost part of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers, in the area that later became Babylonia and is now southern Iraq from around Baghdad to the Persian Gulf. First Civilization create cuneiform. |
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Phonecia |
Phoenicia was an ancient Semitic civilization situated on the western, coastal part of the Fertile Crescent and centered on the coastline of modern Lebanon and Tartus Governorate in Syria. Made the first alphabet |
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Athens |
Fifth-century Athens is the Greek city-state of Athens in the time from 480 BC-404 BC. This was a period of Athenian political hegemony, economic growth and cultural flourishing formerly known as the Golden Age of Athens with the later part The Age of Pericles. |
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Sparta |
Sparta, or Lacedaemon, was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece, situated on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. |
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Muhammad |
Muḥammad, full name Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, was a man from Mecca who unified Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam. |
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Ghenghis Khan |
Genghis Khan, born Temüjin, was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his demise. He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of northeast Asia. |
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Dias |
Bartolomeu Dias, a nobleman of the Portuguese royal household, was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488, the first European known to have done so. |
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Pizarro |
Francisco Pizarro González was a Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. Pizarro González was born in Trujillo, Spain, the illegitimate son of Gonzalo Pizarro, an infantry colonel, and Francisca González, a woman of poor means. |
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Kublai Khan |
Kublai Khan, born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu, was the fifth Khagan of the Ikh Mongol Uls, reigning from 1260 to 1294, and the founder of the Chinese Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire. Conquered china failed at Japan. |
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Charlemagne |
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great or Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of Italy from 774, and from 800 the first emperor in western Europe since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. |
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Alexander Nevskii |
Alexander Nevsky was the Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev and Grand Prince of Vladimir during some of the most trying times in the country's history. |
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Zheng He |
Zheng He, formerly romanized as Cheng Ho, was a Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China's early Ming Dynasty. Chinese muslim eunuch |
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Mansa Musa |
Musa I was the tenth Mansa, which translates as "King of Kings" or "Emperor", of the wealthy Mali Empire. |
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Vasco Da Gama |
Dom Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer. He was the first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia for the first time by ocean route, as well as the Atlantic |
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Ferdinand Magellan |
Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organised the Spanish expedition to the East Indies that resulted in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. |
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Christopher Columbus |
Christopher Columbus was a Genoese explorer, navigator, and colonizer, born in the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. |
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Henry the Navigator |
Infante Dom Henrique de Avis, Duke of Viseu, better known as Henry the Navigator was an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire. |
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Hernan Cortes
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Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland conquered with disease.
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Mecca |
Historical city that is strongly tied to the muslim culture and Muhammad |
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Tenochtitlan |
Mexico-Tenochtitlan audio, commonly known as Tenochtitlan was an Aztec altepetl located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico. Before Aztecs |
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Medina |
A holy city for the Muslims because it is where Muhammad hid when he was "kicked out of the other city." |
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Latin West |
"Greek East" and "Latin West" are terms used to distinguish between the two parts of the Greco-Roman world, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca, and the western parts where Latin filled this role. |
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Teotihuacan |
Teotihuacan, also written Teotihuacán, was a pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city located in the Valley of Mexico, 30 miles northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most City of Aztecs Modern Day Mexico. |
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Grand Canal |
The Grand Canal, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the longest canal or artificial river in the world and a famous tourist destination. China built this to connect north and south. |
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Umayyad Caliphate |
The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca. |
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Abbasid Caliphate |
The Abbasid Caliphate, was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The Abbasid dynasty descended from Muhammad's youngest uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. |
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Aztecs |
The Aztec /ˈæztɛk/ people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to 16th centuries. |
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Ottoman Empire |
The Ottoman Empire, also historically referred to as the Turkish Empire or Turkey, was a Sunni Islamic sultanate and later a caliphate founded by Oghuz Turks under Osman Bey in northwestern Anatolia in 1299. |
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Mali |
a place in africa |
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Tang Empire |
The Tang dynasty (Chinese: 唐朝; pinyin: Táng cháo; IPA: [tʰɑ̌ŋ tʂʰɑ̌ʊ]; Middle Chinese: Dâng) (618–907 AD) was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. |
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Yuan |
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan or the Great Yuan Great Mongol State was the empire established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan. |
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Byzantine Empire |
The Byzantine Empire, sometimes known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the eastern half of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. |
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Holy Roman Empire |
The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods until its dissolution in 1806. |
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Hanseatic league |
The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hanse or Hansa; Low German: Hanse, Dudesche Hanse, Latin: Hansa, Hansa Teutonica or Liga Hanseatica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe. |
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Maya |
A Mesoamerican society popular for Maya script |
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Ghana |
a place in africa |
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Golden Horde
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The Golden Horde was a Mongol army established in the 13th century, which comprised the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.
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Inca |
The Inca Empire or Inka Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. |
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Mongols |
The Mongols, or Mongolic peoples, are a Central and Northern Asian (Inner Asia) ethno-linguistic group. Although the largest Mongolic group consists of the inhabitants of Mongolia, they also live as minorities across Northern Asia, including in Russia, China, and many of the former Soviet Union states. |
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Song Empire |
960-1279 |
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Kievan Russia |
Kievan Rus' was a loose federation of East Slavic tribes in Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century, under the reign of the Rurik dynasty. |
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Ming Empire |
(1368–1644) |
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Arawaks |
The Arawak people (from aru, the Lucayan word for cassava flour) are some of the indigenous peoples of the West Indies. The group belongs to the Arawakan language family. They were the natives whom Christopher Columbus encountered when he first landed in the Americas in 1492. |
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Muslim/Islam |
A religion and culture muslims and islamists |
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Manor |
a large country house with lands; the principal house of a landed estate. In Europe after the dark ages housed many workers and laborers. |
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Fief |
An estate of land, especially one held on condition of feudal service. A person's sphere of operation or control. A lord |
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Papacy |
Office or Authority of the pope |
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Humanists |
An outlook or system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs stress the potential value and goodness of human beings, emphasize common human needs, and seek solely rational ways of solving human problems. |
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Medieval |
In European history, the Middle Ages, or Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. |
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Caliphate
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A caliphate is a form of Islamic political-religious leadership which centers around the caliph—i.e. "successor"—to Muhammad. The succession of Muslim empires that have existed in the Muslim world are usually described as "caliphates".
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Quran |
The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God. |
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Manluks |
Mamluk is an Arabic designation for slaves. More specifically, it refers to: Khwarazmian dynasty in Persia Mamluk Dynasty Mamluk Sultanate Mamluk dynasty of Iraq. |
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Printing Press |
A printing press is a device for evenly printing ink onto a print medium (substrate) such as paper or cloth. The device applies pressure to a print medium that rests on an inked surface made of movable type, thereby transferring the ink. |
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Mit'a (306) |
Mit'a a was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire |
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Serf |
An agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate. |
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Vassal |
A holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance. |
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Monasticism |
Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from μόνος, monos, "alone") or monkhood is a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work. Monastic life plays an important role in many Christian churches, especially in the Catholic and Orthodox traditions. |
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Caravel |
A small, highly maneuverable ship |
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Umma |
An ancient city in sumer |
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Neo-Confucianism |
Neo-Confucianism is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties. |
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Shi'ites
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The Shia, or the Shiites, represent the second largest denomination of Islam. Adherents of Shia Islam are called Shias or the Shi'a as a collective or Shi'i individually.
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Renaissance (395) |
was a cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages |
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Investiture Controversy |
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of popes challenged the authority of European monarchies. |
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Great Western Schism |
The rival claims to the papal chair hurt the reputation of the office. The Western Schism is sometimes called the Great Schism |
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Crusades |
A set of military campaigns aimed and the Muslims to take back the holy city of Jerusalem having ten crusades and really only succeeding in one. |
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Hundred Years War |
The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 pitting the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England Against the house of Valois for control of the kingdom of France |
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Battle of Tours |
A battle between the franks and someone else |
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Reconquest of Iberia (404) |
The Reconquista ("reconquest") is a period of approximately 781 years in the history of the Iberian peninsula , after the Islamic conquest in 711–718 to the fall of Granada, the last Islamic state on the peninsula, in 1492. It comes before the discovery of the New World, and the period of the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires which followed. Traditionally, historians mark the beginning of the Reconquista with the Battle of Covadonga (718 or 722), in which a small army, led by the nobleman Pelagius ,defeated an Umayyad army in the mountains of northern Iberia and established a small Christian principality in Asturias. |
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Black Death (385) |
A griping plague the gripped Europe during the renaissance. 70 to 250 million deaths. |
