Exam Iv Anatomy

Front 1

*Vertebral Level of Hyoid Bone

Back 1

C3

Front 2

*Vertebral level of thyroid cartilage

Back 2

C4 and 5

Front 3

*Vertebral level of cricoid cartilage

Back 3

C6

Front 4

*What are the muscles innervated by CN XI?

Back 4

Trapezius and SCM

Front 5

*Structures that pass through the anterior and middle scalene?

Back 5

Brachial Plexus and Subclavian artery

Front 6

*What is the innervation of the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid?

Back 6

Ansa cervicalis (C1-3 ventral rami)

Front 7

*What is the innervation of the anterior digastric?

Back 7

CN V

Front 8

*What is the innervation of the posterior digastric?

Back 8

CN VII-Facial

Front 9

*What is the innervation of the carotid sinus and carotid body?

Back 9

CN IX and X

Front 10

*What are the major structures that pass through the pharyngeal wall superior to the auditory tube?

Back 10

Levator veli palatini and superior constictor

Front 11

*Major structures that pass through pharyngeal wall superior to superior constrictor?

Back 11

Auditory tube, levator veli palatini

Front 12

*What are the nerves of the pharyngeal plexus?
(3)

Back 12

CN IX (mucosa)
CN X (musculature)
Sympathetics (vasomotor)

Front 13

*What is the only muscle innervated by CN IX?

Back 13

Stylopharyngeus

Front 14

*What are the two structures that pierce the thyroid membrane?

Back 14

Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery

Front 15

*What is the only muscle to ABDuct vocal cords?

Back 15

Posterior Cricothyroid

Front 16

*What is the innervation of the cricothyroid?

Back 16

External Laryngeal nerve

Front 17

*What innervation of laryngeal muscles is exclusive of the cricothyroid?

Back 17

recurrent laryngeal

Front 18

*What is the muscle that increases tension on the vocal cord?

Back 18

Cricothyroid

Front 19

*What is the sensory nerve to the larynx superior to the vocal cords?

Back 19

Internal laryngeal

Front 20

*What is the sensory nerve to the larynx inferior to the vocal cords?

Back 20

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 21

*What is the site of an aspirated lodged fishbone?

Back 21

Piriform recess

Front 22

*Afferent limb of gag reflex?

Back 22

CN IX

Front 23

*Efferent limb of gag reflex?

Back 23

CN X

Front 24

*What is the afferent limb of the cough reflex?

Back 24

CN X

Front 25

*What is the efferent limb of the cough reflex?

Back 25

CN X

Front 26

*What are the nerves at risk when performing a thyroidectomy?

Back 26

Left and Right recurrent laryngeal nerves

Front 27

*What is the nerve injury that causes hoarseness following thyroid surgery?

Back 27

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 28

*Main structures that pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Back 28

CN VII and CN VIII

Front 29

*What is the foramen where CN VII exits the skull?

Back 29

Stylomastoid foramen

Front 30

*What is the major arterial supply to the calvaria and supratentorialdura?

Back 30

Middle meningeal

Front 31

*What is the major cutaneous nerve to the face?

Back 31

Trigem (V)

Front 32

*What is the major artery to the internal structures of the head?

Back 32

Maxillary

Front 33

*What are the spinal levels of the sympathetic fibers to the head?

Back 33

T1 and T2

Front 34

*What is the autonomic ganglia for CN III?

Back 34

Ciliary

Front 35

*What is the autonomic ganglia for CN VII?

Back 35

PPG and Submandibular

Front 36

*What is the sensory ganglia for CN VII?

Back 36

Geniculate

Front 37

*What is the autonomic ganglia for CN VII?

Back 37

PPG and submandibular

Front 38

*What is the autonomic ganglia for CN IX?

Back 38

Otic

Front 39

*What muscle is attached to the disc of the TMJ?

Back 39

Lateral Pterygoid

Front 40

*What muscle retracts the mandible?

Back 40

Temporalis

Front 41

*What is the major nerve to TMJ (pain)?

Back 41

Auriculotemporal (V3)

Front 42

*What is the specific nerve that elicits secretion from the parotid gland?

Back 42

Tympanic branch on CN IX and lesser petrosal

Front 43

*What branch of CN V carries parasympathetics to the parotid?

Back 43

Auriculotemporal (V3)

Front 44

*What structure opens into the superior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Back 44

Posterior ethmoid sinus

Front 45

*What structures open into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?

Back 45

Frontal, maxillary, anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses

Front 46

*What structure opens into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Back 46

Nasolacrimal duct

Front 47

*What is the major artery to the nasal cavity?

Back 47

Sphenopalatine

Front 48

*What is the most common site of a nosebleed?

Back 48

Kisselbach's plexus

Front 49

*What is the innervation to the levator veli palatini?

Back 49

CN X

Front 50

*What muscle opens the auditory tube?

Back 50

Tensor Veli palatini

Front 51

*What is the innervation of the tensor veli palatini?

Back 51

Trigem-CN V3

Front 52

*What nerve provides taste to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?
(Theresa's favorite)

Back 52

Chorda Tympani

Front 53

*What is the site of the cell bodies for the nerve that carries taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 53

Geniculate ganglion

Front 54

*What is the specific nerve that elicits secretion from the submandibular gland?

Back 54

Chorda Tympani

Front 55

*What branch of CN V carries parasympathetics to the submandibular?

Back 55

Lingual

Front 56

*What nerve is injured when tonsilar pillars sag and the uvula deviates?

Back 56

CN X

Front 57

What nerve is potentially injured with a tonsillectomy?

Back 57

CN IX

Front 58

*What muscle protrudes the tongue?

Back 58

Genioglossus

Front 59

*What nerve is injured with a deviation of the protruded tongue?

Back 59

Ipsalateral CN XII (hypoglossal)

Front 60

*What is the specific nerve that stimulates tear production?

Back 60

Greater Petrosal CN VII

Front 61

*What is the sensory nerve to the cornea?

Back 61

CN V1 (nasociliary)

Front 62

*What muscle elevates and ABDucts the eye?

Back 62

Inferior Oblique

Front 63

*What muscle depresses and ADBucts the eye?

Back 63

Superior Oblique

Front 64

*What is the site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicit dilation of the pupil?

Back 64

Lateral Horn T1-2

Front 65

*What is the site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits dilation of the pupil?

Back 65

Superior Cervical Ganglion

Front 66

*What is the site of preganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of the pupil?

Back 66

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 67

*What is the site of postganglionic nerve cells that elicits constriction of the pupil?

Back 67

Ciliary Ganglion

Front 68

*What is the innervation of the external surface of the tympanic membrane?

Back 68

Auriculotemporal (V3) and CN X

Front 69

*What is the innervation of the internal surface of the typmpanic membrane?

Back 69

CN IX

Front 70

What could happen if you get a blow to the pterion?

Back 70

Rupture of middle meningeal artery. Delay of effects, blood can pool and compress brain

Front 71

What joints interlock the bones of the cranium

Back 71

Fibrous suture joints EXCEPT for the mandible which are synovial TMJ

Sphenoid and Occipital bone in childhood are joined by cartilage (synchondrosis)

Front 72

*What are the contents of the neurocranium?

Back 72

Covers brain and meninges,contains proximal parts of cranial nerves, brain vasculature,
8 Bones: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid
Calvaria (skull cap) and cranial base and floor

Front 73

What are bones of the calvaria derived from?

Back 73

Neural Crest tissue that becomes head mesenchyme.
Flat bones = intramembranous ossification

Front 74

How are bones of the cranial base formed?

Back 74

They are primarily irregular with significant flat portions.
Formed via endochondral ossification or both endochondrial and intramembranous

Front 75

What is contained in the viscerocranium

Back 75

14 bones: 2 lacrimal 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, mandible and vomer. Contains orbits and nasal cavities, upper and lower jaw

Front 76

What is the artery that supplies blood to the orbit and eye a branch of?

Back 76

Internal Carotid

Front 77

What artery supplies the lower limb in the primary motor cortex?

Back 77

Anterior Cerebral

Front 78

What is the first sign of aneurism in the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid?

Back 78

Paralysis of lateral gaze on the same size

Front 79

What are the deficits resulting from a complete transection of the facial nerve right where it gives off the nerve to the stapedius?

Back 79

Ipsalateral facial paralysis, loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue, loss of salvation from submandubular and sublingual glands on the same side

Front 80

Between what layers of the retina does retinal detachment occur?

Back 80

Pigmented Epithelium and the layer of rods and cones

Front 81

Where are the cell bodies of the axons that innervate smooth muscle (Muller's muscle) of the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 81

Superior cervical ganglion

Front 82

Where are the preganglionic neurons that elicit constriction of the ciliary bodies?

Back 82

Edenger-Westphal nucleus

Front 83

What happens when the ciliary bodies constrict?

Back 83

Len thickens (focus)

Front 84

Where are the pregnglionic nerve cell bodies that ellicit pupillary dilation?

Back 84

Lateral Horn, T1 and T2

Front 85

What nerve lesion produces head tilt down toward right shoulder?

Back 85

Left trochlear nerve damage

Front 86

What part of the retina has the greatest visual acuity and what receptor is found there?

Back 86

Fovea-centralis and cones

Front 87

From what part of the brain does trigeminal arise

Back 87

Pons

Front 88

From what part of the brain do CN III and IV arise?

Back 88

Midbrain

Front 89

From what part of the brain do CN V and VII arise?

Back 89

Pons

Front 90

From what part of the brain do CN VIII -XII arise?

Back 90

Medulla

Front 91

Which cranial nerve arises from the Telencephalon?

Back 91

Olfactory- CN I

Front 92

What is a lesion to CN I called?

Back 92

Anosmia

Front 93

Which cranial nerve comes off the anterior sides of the mesencephalon?

Back 93

Optic- CN II

Front 94

What nerve is first compressed by a tumor growing in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 94

Maxillary (V2)

Front 95

What foramen or fissure does chorda tympani exit the skull?

Back 95

Petrotympanic

Front 96

What is the most superior (first) structure encountered breaking through the roof of the orbit from the anterior cranial fossa?

Back 96

Frontal nerve

Front 97

What two foramen of the middle cranial fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa through its roof?

Back 97

Foramen Ovale and Spinosum

Front 98

Through what bone or part of a bone does the optic canal pass to enter the orbit?

Back 98

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Front 99

The lesser petrosal exits the skull through what foramen?

Back 99

Foramen Ovale

Front 100

A tumor near the base of the skull

Symptoms: weakness and atrophy of masster, temporalis on left side

Back 100

Foramen ovale

Front 101

Within the infratemporal fossa, with what structure is the middle meningeal artery most intimately associated?

Back 101

Auriculotemporal nerve

Front 102

What artery exits through foramen spinosum?

Back 102

Middle meningeal artery

Front 103

What fossa or space allows for the terminal branch of the maxillary artery to pass from pterygopalatine fossa to nasal cavity?

Back 103

Sphenopalatine Fossa

Front 104

What forms the floor of the anterior cranial fossa?

Back 104

Orbital part of frontal bone, body and lesser wing of sphenoid bone.

Front 105

Into what area will an infection that erodes through the roof of the maxillary sinus enter?

Back 105

The orbit

Front 106

Obstruction at what is likely to impair CSF egress (CSF pressure elevated, other CSF findings normal)

Back 106

Arachnoid Villi

Front 107

Where are arachnoid granulation found?

Back 107

Along superior sagittal sinus

Front 108

Where do the arachnoid granulations project?

Back 108

Dural Venous Sinuses

Front 109

What is the function of Arachnoid granulations?

Back 109

Role in abdsorption of CSF, consist of arachnoid villi, DO NOT produce CSF

Front 110

What forms the walls of the venous sinuses?

Back 110

Dura Mater

Front 111

What forms the roof of the pituitary fossa?

Back 111

Dura

Front 112

What is continuous with the sclera of the eye?

Back 112

Dura

Front 113

What are characteristics of the epidural space?

Back 113

*Contains meningeal veins
*Usually associated with arterial hemorrhage
*Bounded by 2 layers of dura
*normally a potential space

Front 114

Where is subarachnoid space located?

Back 114

Between arachnoid and pia

Front 115

What foramina allow the subarachnoid space to communicate with the fourth ventricle?

Back 115

Foramen of Luschka and foramen of Magenide

Front 116

What are characteristics of Mengingomas

Back 116

*Dervied from arachnoid
*characterized by whorls of psammoms bodies
*bengin slow growing well circumscribed tumors
*20% of primary intracranial tumors

Front 117

CSF enters the subarachnoid space via what foramen?

Back 117

Lateral foramina of Luschka

Front 118

What is a prominent surface structure on the medulla?

Back 118

Olive

Front 119

What structure contains the trochlear nerve?

Back 119

Ambient cistern

Front 120

Stenosis of cerebral aquiduct prevents CSF from entering the 4th ventricle is called?

Back 120

Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus

Front 121

What is the large tuft choroid plexus in the trigone of the lateral ventricle?

Back 121

Glomus

Front 122

How does the superior sagittal sinus receive CSF?

Back 122

Arachnoid Villi

Front 123

The superior (quadrigeminal) cistern overlies what portion of the brain?

Back 123

Dorsal aspect of midbrain

Front 124

What does a blockage of the interventricular foramen of monroe result in?

Back 124

Hydorcephalus involving the lateral ventricle

Front 125

What is between the corpus callosum and fornix?

Back 125

Lateral ventricle

Front 126

The two foramina of Luschka of 4th ventricle drain into what?

Back 126

the Cerebellopintine angle cisterns

Front 127

What receives CSF via foramen of Magendie?

Back 127

Cerebellomedullary cistern

Front 128

Occulsion of what artery may cause numbness and weakness in the left leg and foot?

Back 128

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 129

What is the blood supply to the optic chiasm?

Back 129

Internal carotid, Anterior communicating, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral

Front 130

What artery lies within the cavernous sinus?

Back 130

Internal Carotid

Front 131

What artery gives rise to the anterior choroidal artery?

Back 131

Internal Carotid

Front 132

What artery gives rise to the posterior communicating?

Back 132

Internal Carotid

Front 133

What artery enters the skull via the carotid canal of temporal bone?

Back 133

Internal carotid