Exam Iii Body Fluids

Front 1

What is the significance of a milking looking pleural fluid?

Back 1

• Thoracic duct leakage (chylous material)
  
• Chronic Inflammation (pseudochylous)

Front 2

The platelet channel of an automated cell counter is used for what fetal lung maturity test?

Back 2

Lamellar Bodies

Front 3

Maternal age >35; patient or family history of chromosomal abnormalities; >3 miscarriages; previous child with genetic defect; abnormal triple marker screening test to assess fetal lug maturity or fetal distress are indicators for what?

Back 3

Performing an amniocentesis

Front 4

How are hemacytometers cleaned?

Back 4

Soaking in dilute bleach, rinsed with water then cleaned with isopropyl alcohol.

Front 5

What color do monosodium urate crystals appear when using red compensated polarized light with the slow axis (handle) of the polarizer alinged with the long axis of the crystal?

Back 5

Yellow (demonstrating negative birefringence)

Front 6

What is ascites?

Back 6

Peritoneal (ascitic) fluid

Front 7

What is the name of the cells that line body cavities, may appear singly, in pairs, or sheets and are vacuolated with basophilic cytoplasm?

Back 7

Mesothelial cells

Front 8

What type of fluid is inflammatory, yellow, brown, red or green in color, cloud with a S.G. >1.015, protein, >3 g/dL, with spontaneous clotting, LDH >200 IU/L, WBCs >1000/uL, predominantly PMNs-(polys or neutrophils)?

Back 8

Exudate

Front 9

How long should body fluid smears be retained by the lab?

Back 9

At least one week

Front 10

The test is performed on synovial fluid using 2-5% acetic acid to measure the amount of hyaluronate polymerization. Results are reported as good, fair, low, and poor.

Back 10

Rope or mucin clot test

Front 11

What unique characteristic may be observed in the CSF in cases of mycobaterial meningitis?

Back 11

A web-like clot or pellicle

Front 12

How long should a patient follow sexual abstinence before a semen sample is collected?

Back 12

2 to 3 days, but not longer than 5 days

Front 13

What is an effusion?

Back 13

An accumulation of a large amount of fluid in a cavity

Front 14

What is another name for macrophages when they are seen in body fluids?

Back 14

Histiocytes

Front 15

What additional test should be run on a specimen with a normal sperm count but decreased motility and what reagent does this test use?

Back 15

The test is the sprem viability test and the reagent is eosin-nigrosin stain

Front 16

Which test performed on stool uses guaiac as an indicator?

Back 16

Occult or "hidden" blood

Front 17

How do the following conditions effect the color or appearance of stool? 1. Upper GI bleeding or iron or charcoal ingestion; 2. Ingestion of oral antibiotics or green vegetables; 3. Bile duct obstruction; 4. Lower GI bleeding or beets ingesetion

Back 17

1. black color

2. green or yellow green

3. White or pale gray; red color

Front 18

Why must cell counts and smears or body fluids be prepared withing 30 minutes of collection?

Back 18

After 30 minutes, WBC begin to deteriorate.

Front 19

In what condition will the CSF have increased lymphocytes, increased protein and lactate but decreased glucose?

Back 19

Fungal meningitis

Front 20

Why is the alpha feto protein test performed on aminotic fluid and what is the confirmatory test?

Back 20

Neural tube defects and acetylcholinesterase

Front 21

What type of fluid is non-inflammatory, colorless, and clear, with a S.G. < 1.015, protein < 3 g/dL with no spontaneous clotting, LDH < 200 IU/L, WBCs < 1000/uL, predominantly mononuclear cells?

Back 21

Transudate

Front 22

What tests are performed on all body fluids?

Back 22

Color, turbidity, cell counts and differentials

Front 23

What is the process of synovial fluid collection called?

Back 23

Arthrocentesis

Front 24

What are the four classification groups for synovial fluids?

Back 24

• Noninflammatory
  
• Inflammatory
  
• Septic
  
• Hemorrhagic
  

Front 25

What method is used to concentrate body fluid cells for a differential count?

Back 25

Cytocentrifugation, which produces a monolayer of cells in a small button.

Front 26

What carbohydrate powers sperm motility and what reagent is used in its screening test?

Back 26

Fructose is the carbohydrate and resorcinol is reagent

Front 27

What is the reference method used to determine fetal lung maturity and what additional test is performed if the mother is diabetic?

Back 27

L/S (Lecithin/Sphingomyelin) Ratio

Phosphatidyl Glycerol (PG

Front 28

What organs are involved in the production of semen?

Back 28

The epididymis, seminal vessels, prostate and bulbourethral glands

Front 29

What quality control is required on a cytocentrifuge?

Back 29

Check its speed with a tachometer and its timer with a stopwatch every month.

Front 30

What test can be used to differentiate amniotic fluid from maternal urine?

Back 30

Fern Test

Front 31

What is a fern Test?

Back 31

aminiotic fluid dried on a slide shows microscopic fern-like cyrstals

Front 32

In what condition will the CSF have increased WBCs (predominantly lymphocytes) with increased protein but with normal glucose and lactate?

Back 32

Viral meningitis

Front 33

What is serous fluid

Back 33

Body cavity fluid:

• Pleural (lung)
• Pericardial (hear)
• Peritoneal (abdominal)

Front 34

In what condition will the CSF appear cloudy with increased WBC (predominantly polys), decreased glucose and increased protein and lactate?

Back 34

Bacterial meningitis

Front 35

Quantitative testing, such as fecal fats, require collecting stool for how long?

Back 35

A 3 day or 72 hour collection (paint can)

Front 36

What quality control is required on diluents used for body fluids?

Back 36

Every 2 weeks diluents must be checked in hemacytometer for contamination.

Front 37

What is the significance of a high amylase level in pleural or peritoneal fluid?

Back 37

Acute pancreatitis

Front 38

What is a yellow, pink, or orange discoloration of CSF due to oxyhemoglobin or bilirubin which may be seen in subarachnoid hemorrhage. this is why CSF specimens are centrifuged and the supernatant examined within one hour of collection.

Back 38

Xanthochromia

Front 39

What is an effusion due to a systemic disease process called?

Back 39

Transudate

Front 40

What would the presence of nucleated RBCs in CSF indicate?

Back 40

Bone Marrow contamination

Front 41

Electrophoresis of CSF is performed for the detection of this abnormality which in indicative of multiple sclerosis, Guillai-Barre syndrome and other forms of encephalitis.

Back 41

Oligoclonal bodies

Front 42

Name three conditions that can be diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Back 42

• Meningitis
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Subarachnoid hemorrahge

Front 43

How are cell counts usually performed on body fluids?

Back 43

Hemacytometer

Front 44

What test is used to measure increased stool carbohydrates in cases of diarrhea caused by lactate intolerance or malabsorbance?

Back 44

Clinitest

Front 45

What is an effusion due to inflammatory process within a body cavity called?

Back 45

An exudate

Front 46

What does the delta OD 450 test measure, what graph is it plotted on and what disease does it diagnose?

Back 46

Aminotic bilirubin, Liley graph and HDN

Front 47

This ultrafiltrate of plasma has hyaluronic acid added to it by cells that line joint cavities.

Back 47

Synovial fluid

Front 48

What is paracentesis?

Back 48

Puncture of a cavity to remove fluid.

Front 49

What stains(s) can be used to visualize fecal leukocytes?

Back 49

Loffler's, Wright's or Gram's stain

Front 50

Why should ordinary condoms not be used to collect semen samples?

Back 50

Condoms contain spermicides

Front 51

What is the most likely explanation for decreasing amount of blood in CSF tubes 1-3?

Back 51

A bloody tap

Front 52

This procedure is performed so the CSF specimens can be distributed to different departments depending on the order of collection. One specimen is sent to chemistry, one microbiology and one to hematology.

Back 52

Numbering of the tubes collected during a lumbar puncture