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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
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...:
-inflammation due to blockage of the opening of a diverticula Symptoms: -severe localized abdominal pain, fever, constipation or diarrhea Treatment: -... diet and treatment with ... |
Diverticulitis
liquid metronidazole |
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...:
-when opening of the appendix becomes blocked, allowing overgrowth of fecal bacteria. If appendix perforates, bacteria can spill into the peritoneal cavity, seeding organs and causing abdominal abscesses. Treatment: -... |
Appendicitis
metronidazole |
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Peritonitis:
-inflammation of the peritoneum Symptoms: -abdominal pain and fever Risk factor: -... Types: -Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis or primary peritonitis *Bacteria are shed from the liver and infect the abdominal cavity *common causes: ... and ... species. *treatment: Third-generation cephalosporin and draining abscesses -secondary peritonitis *caused by spilling of bacteria from the GI tract, penetrating traumas or surgeries. *polymicrobial – involve a mixture of facultative anaerobes such as ... and obligate anaerobes such as.... *treatment: draining abscesses and giving second or third generation cephalosporins (broad spectrum antibiotics) |
chronic liver disease
Escherichia coli Streptococcus Escherichia coli Bacteroides |
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What are the 5 most important extra-gastrointestinal diseases?
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Typhoid (Enteric) Fever
Botulism Listeriosis Vibrio vulnificus septicemia Streptococcal endocarditis |
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Typhoid (enteric) fever:
Organism: ... Organism for similar but milder disease called paratyphoid fever: ... Replicate within macrophages and travel from lymph system to bloodstream Symptoms: fever which becomes higher as disease progresses, chills, headache, myalgias, anorexia. Abdominal pain with constipation or diarrhea. 1/3 of patients exhibit “rose spots” -Rare in US. Most cases related to travel to India or Latin America. -Can spread from contaminated food or water, or eating contaminated shellfish. |
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella paratyphi |
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Botulism:
Organism: ... Symptoms caused by ... Symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, followed by constipation. Then motor function affected. In an adult, the only way to get botulism is by ... Infants can get botulism by eating food contaminated with ... Heating canned food prior to serving can prevent the disease. Treatment: provide respiratory support and administer antitoxin. Antibiotics should NOT be given. |
Clostridium botulinum
botulinum toxin ingesting the toxin (food toxication) Clostridium botulinum spores (food borne infection) |
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Listeriosis:
-can cause mild gastroenteritis and meningitis or bacteremia (in immunocompromised individuals) organism: ... Symptoms: mild illness, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever. Found in unpasteurized dairy products, fresh veggies, and hot dogs and deli meats. Not transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Can be transmitted transplacentally or during birth, and is a serious problem for neotates. In pregnant women, it manifests as bacteremia, usually in the third trimester. Can result in premature labor, abortion and stillbirth |
Listeria monocytogenes
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... Septicemia:
-most lethal of all vibrio species Causes serious wound infections, and gastroenteritis (rare) and septicemia when ingested. associated with eating raw or undercooked shellfish. Symptoms of gastroenteritis: watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting. symptoms of septicemia: high fever, chills, generalized myalgia and severe pain in legs. Edema, multiple hemorrhagic bullae, bruising, necrotic lesions, hypotensive, lethargic patients, can lose consciousness. Strong risk factor for fatality: Cirrhosis of the liver Treatment for gastroenteritis: Not antibiotics (it is self limiting) Treatment for wound infections or septicemia: antibiotics |
Vibrio vulnificus
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Streptococcal endocarditis:
caused by ... of the ... group subacute infective endocarditis: a slowly progressing disease, usually associated with abnormal heart valves. Normal flora spread to the bloodstream by dental work, dental abscesses, poor dental hygiene, or even brushing your teeth. Symptoms: fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, back pain, heart murmurs Treat with antibiotics (do not wait to treat if they have acute infective endocarditis, as it is a life threatening situation). Patients with abnormal heart valves should take antibiotics prophylactically before surgery |
Streptococcus
viridans |
