Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What do the Healthy People document?
|
government guidelines of health
|
|
|
What are some health promoting activities?
|
prostate exam, sunscreen
|
|
|
Everyone's idea of health is
|
different.
|
|
|
What is the definition of health?
|
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
|
|
|
What are the basic human needs necessary for survival and health?
|
food, water, safety, and love
|
|
|
What does the health belief model help us do?
|
understand the many factors that influence clients’ perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors.
|
|
|
holistic model...
|
reminiscence, relaxation, music
|
|
|
What are some internal variables?
|
developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors.
|
|
|
external?
|
family practices, socioeconomic factors, cultural background
|
|
|
health promotion=
wellness= illness prevention= |
-immunization programs
-exercise -Physical awareness, stress management, self- responsibility |
|
|
primary level (preventitive care)
|
TRUE prevention that lowers the chances that a disease will develop
lowers chance -ex: flu shot all efforts |
|
|
secondary :
|
Focuses on those who have a disease or are at risk to develop a disease
early intervention- most nurses actions intervene with this level |
|
|
tertiary:
|
Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible
-activities directed at rehab! |
|
|
Risk factors increase
|
the vulnerability of an individual to an accident or illness
|
|
|
genetic
|
Genetic and physiological factors, such as being overweight, affect physical functioning of the body.
|
|
|
age
|
Age increases susceptibility to certain diseases
ex: cancer, BPH, dementia, Alzheimer's disease. |
|
|
enviroment
|
Environment includes cleanliness, heat, cold, overcrowding
|
|
|
lifestyle
|
those factors that have positive or negative effects on health, such as smoking, drinking, or using drugs.
|
|
|
What do we encourage people with risk factors to do?
|
modify their lifestyles and adopt health promotion practices.
|
|
|
What is the definition of illness?
|
A state in which a person’s physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
|
|
|
acute
chronic |
short and severe
more than 6 months |
|
|
what is illness behavior?
|
Involves how people monitor their bodies, define and interpret their symptoms
|
|
|
internal:
external: |
-Perception of illness and nature of illness
-Visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economics, and accessibility to health care |
|
|
how does the illness impact the client and family?
|
behavior and emotional changes
family role and dynamics self concept and body image |
|
|
what is the most important thing we do?
|
caring
|
|
|
What did Florence Nightingale study?
|
caring
|
|
|
who studied nursing from a trans-cultural perspective?
|
Madeline Leininger
(Sister Calistaroi) |
|
|
why is caring a basic human need?
|
because it helps improve a human condition by protecting, developing, nurturing, and sustaining.
|
|
|
what does the most important aspect of knowing the client involve?
|
establishing a relationship
|
|
|
What is the nurse for the client?
|
the client's advocate
|
|
|
transpersonal caring
|
jean watson
emphasizes nurse-client relationship |
|
|
swanson's theory
|
Swanson’s theory supports the claim that caring is a central nursing phenomenon but not unique to nursing.
five processes: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining. |
|
|
clients value nursing care as
|
-Reassuring presence
-Recognizing an individual as unique -Keeping a close and attentive eye on the situation |
|
|
ethic of care
|
unique
advocate relationship |
|
|
providing presence
|
being with, body language, listening, eye contact, tone of voice, positive and encouraging attitude
|
|
|
what does touch do?
|
provides comfort and creates a connection
|
|
|
what are types of touch?
|
Contact touch (hold hand)
Noncontact touch (eye contact) Protective touch (prevent a fall) Task-oriented touch (perform a procedure or task) |
|
|
what does listening do?
|
trust
lines of communication mutual relationship |
|
|
what is the core process of clinical decision making?
|
knowing the client
|
|
|
intrapersonal
interpersonal transpersonal |
connected to:
selves others God |
|
|
Respect spiritual needs!
|
Don't ever be to busy for your job!
|
|
|
what is the primary reason for the nurse to gain knowledge of the human need for social ethnic and cultural identity ?
|
to allow closer integration of the person’s background into the plan of care.
|
|
|
the united states is becoming more...
|
diverse
|
|
|
Health disparities among ethnic and racial minorities continue to increase because
|
Racial and ethnic minorities often experience poor access to care.
|
|
|
what should the nurse determine before caring for a client in a specific ethnic group?
|
personal cultural beliefs and values
|
|
|
what is The most important factor in providing nursing care to clients in a specific ethnic group?
|
communication
|
|
|
When planning care for a client with a different cultural background it is important to do what?
|
identify how culture variables impact the health problem
|
|
|
Culturally sensitive nursing actions include:
|
Recording food preferences, communication style, religion, & ethnic background of clients in the nursing history.
|
|
|
cultural competence
|
This means that the nurse understands the cultural context of the patient’s situation.
|
|
|
what does the nurse do for culturally competent care?
|
bridge cultural gaps in caring, work with cultural differences, and enable clients and families to achieve meaningful and supportive caring.
|
|
|
acculturation
enculturation |
adapting to and adopting a new culture
socialization into one's primary culture as a child |
|
|
ethnocentrism
cultural imposition |
when a people believe their own way of life is superior to others
people have a cultural ignorance or cultural blindness about others. |
|
|
emic
etic |
inside--> out
outside--> in |
|
|
western
eastern |
meds
not meds- family care |
|
|
***------ is found more frequently in African Americans. (beta blockers dont work)
*------ is frequently observed among Asians. *Hispanics have a higher incidence of------ Native Americans have a higher incidence of----- |
Malignant hypertension
Lactose intolerance diabetes mellitus. tuberculosis. |
|
|
cultural collectivism
|
family presence during care
|
|
|
Do not interpret--- same.
|
time, birth, illness, death
|
|
|
what is the ras?
|
reticular activating system---> responsible for LOC
(keeps us awake) |
|
|
What does the medulla oblongata do?
|
maintains vitals
|
|
|
What happens w your flight or fight response?
|
pulse and BP increase, pupils dilate, respiratory increase
(arousal of sympathetic NS) |
|
|
What is the GAS and what is it responsible for?
|
General adaptation system
1. reaction 2. resistance 3. exhaustion 4. recovery |
|
|
What does the pituitary gland do?
|
Makes ACTH---> cortisol
|
|
|
what does ---- do?
-reaction -resistance -exhaustion -recovery |
-starts f or f response
-start to level out, don't adapt completely -depleted energy--> we can't defend anymore -level out |
|
|
endorphines
|
morphine like hormones, give sense of well being
(help w pain) |
|
|
Prolonged stress can cause-----?
|
disease
|
|
|
What do we look for when assessing stress?
|
if the client is endangering self or others
|
|
|
What is...?
-distress -eustress -post traumatic stress disorder |
-damaging stress
-protects health---> happy, motivating energy -stress from traumatic event |
|
|
what is dissociation?
|
like numbness, not interactive to cope
(a way of coping) |
|
|
what are some ---- factors?
-situational -maturational -sociocultural |
-job, illness, caregiver
- caries w life stages -enviro and social of kids-->teens--> and adults |
|
|
what do we recommend?
|
exercise and relaxation
|
|
|
We reuse and integrate our nursing care for their...
|
stress!
|
|
|
Neaumans model
Penders |
importance of accuracy
stress reductions strategies |
|
|
what is the major sleep center?
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
What are stage 1 and 2?
what are stage 3 and 4? what is REM? |
light sleep
deep sleep rapid eye movement |
|
|
what is the equivalent of one sleep cycle?
|
stage 1-4 and REM
|
|
|
Which sleep stage do you receive the best sleep and are hardest to awaken?
|
stage 4
|
|
|
how many cycles per night do we get?
|
4-5
|
|
|
what is the purpose of sleep?
|
to conserve energy and relax muscles
|
|
|
what is the most common form of sleep apnea?
|
obstructive
|
|
|
what is the most common complaint w/ narcolepsy?
|
daytime sleeping
|
|
|
when do dreams occur?
|
in REM and NREM sleep
|
|
|
what are dreams important for?
|
learning, memory, and adaptation to stress
|
|
|
what are the sleep disorders?
|
Insomnia-chronically have difficulty falling asleep.
Sleep apnea-lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer Narcolepsy- dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate the sleep and waking states Sleep deprivation-not enough sleep ( result of dyssomnia) Parasomnias- more common in children. |
|
|
what are the three types of sleep apnea?
|
mixed, central, obstructive
|
|
|
what are some examples of parasomnias?
|
sleepwalking, night terrors, nightmares, bed-wetting, body rocking, and tooth grinding.
|
|
|
what does rest contribute to?
|
Mental relaxation
Freedom from anxiety State of mental, physical, and spiritual activity |
|
|
neonates
infants toddlers school age adolescents young adults middle to older adults |
16
8-10 12 9-10 7.5 6-8 # declines |
|
|
what are some factors that affect sleep?
|
physical illness, drugs, lifestyle, usual sleep patterns, emotional stress, environment, exercise and fatigue, food and calorie intake
|
|
|
what is sleep?
|
a cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness
|
|
|
what is a circadian rhythm?
|
24 hour day and night cycle
|
|
|
sleep regulation
|
sequence of physiological states maintained by highly integrated central nervous system activity.
|
|
|
what are the most common complaints of OSA?
|
excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue
|
