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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the general characteristics of eicosanoids?
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20 carbons, synthesized from essential fatty acids. Potent biological messengers, short half-live, act locally, produced in almost every cell of the body.
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What are eicosanoids main functions?
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infection & inflammation; but be aware that there are many more different functions depending on the many different eicosanoids.
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What are the three main classes of eicosanoids
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a. Prostaglandins – whole family with a variety of functions (smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, bronchodialation)
b. Thromboxanes – produce thrombi (blood clotting) c. Leukotrienes – white blood cells with three double bonds in a row. (synthesized by leukocytes, neutrophil chemotaxis, bronchocontraction, contribute to inflammation in asthman & bronchitis) |
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What is the basic pathway for leukotrienes?
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Leukotrienes: essential fatty acids, arachidonic acid --> branch off by themselves from acrachidonic acid --> and “storage”.
Different pathway for prostaglandins and thromboxanes. |
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Where do NSAIDs act and why is stomach irritation a possible side effect?
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a. NSAIDs are COX inhibitors (enzyme used to go from arachadonic acid prostaglandins. COX inhibitors also inhibit secreation of mucins that protect the gastric mucosa.
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Why is baby aspirin is given to patients with atherosclerosis
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Baby asprin is used as a blood thinner to reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke (because it inhibits thromboxins).
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Where do glucocorticoids act?
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Glucocorticoids act on the pathway between aachidonic acid stored in membrane and arachidonic acid. They act on the Phospholipasee A2 catalyzed release from phospohlipids.
NSAIDs inhibit the COX enzyme between arachidonic acid and prostaglandins. |
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What are w3 and w6 fatty acids are and why the consumption of fatty fish is recommended (physiological function of w3 and w6 fatty acids, pro-inflammatory or non-inflammatory
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w6 fatty acids are linoleic acid which makes arachadonic acid. They increase the levels of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids.
w3 fatty acids are converted to TXA3, which is less thrombogenic than TXA2 (w6) (TXA3 is less effective in stimulating platelet aggregation) Also converted to EPA or DHA – which act the same as TXA3 *Fatty fish SMASH: Salmon, Mackerel, Anchovies, Sardines and Herring |
