Exam #4 The Civil War Begins

Front 1

Election of 1860

Back 1

Lincoln won 40% of the vote in an election divided by 4 different presidential candidates

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secession crisis

Back 2

began when SC fearing Lincoln's rule, passed secession ordinance Dec 20 1860

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Confederate States of America

Back 3

lower south, SC, GA, TX, FL, LA, AL, MS formed this in Montgomery AL, 1861

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Jefferson Davis

Back 4

first and only president of the confederacy approved an assault on Union's fort Sumter in Charlestown, SC

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Fort Sumter

Back 5

the confederates bombed this fort for 2 days, leading Major Robert Anderson to surrender on April 13 (led to civil war in 1861)

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Middle South Secession

Back 6

resulted for the union call for the troops; Richmond VA became the new confederate capital

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Northern Advantages 1861

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1. 2/3rds of population

2. most railroad mileage

3. 90% of factories

4. most food crops

5. strong navy tradition

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Southern Advantages 1861

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1. controlled cotton supply

2. good officers

3. Tredegar Iron Works

4. strong military tradition

5. defensive war strategy

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"Anaconda" strategy

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Gen. Winfield Scott urged plan to strangle the confederacy by taking all their water routes

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Union blockade

Back 10

in 1861, union began successful effort to capture ports and keep supplies from south

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First Battle of Bull Run

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pressure by Hawks, Lincoln ordered union troops into VA, where the union was defeated in 1861

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Confederate draft

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to get more troops, men aged 18-35 were drafted for 3 years, but it excluded the wealthy planters

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confederate diplomacy

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CSA withheld cotton to induce Britain into war (but Britain got cotton from Egypt and india)

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Trent Affair

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US seized CSA diplomats from a british ship, angering Britain; to avoid war, Lincoln freed the diplomats in 1861

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George McClellan

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Licoln's young general replaced Scott, trained his me well, and planned the Peninsular Campaign

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Peninsula Campaign

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McClellans troops arrived in Upper Tidewater, but they slowly moved up the peninsula to Richmond

Front 17

Robert E. Lee

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General, with help from General Stonewall Jackson, forced Lincoln to end the Peninsula Campaign

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Ulysses S. Grant

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nearly unknown inn 1861, GRant captured 2 confederate forts on the way to the northern MS river

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Battle of Shiloh

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the first of the very bloody battles of the civil war, this battle allowed the union control of western TN

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David Farragut

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the admiral's union naval force seized the vital confederate port of new Orleans on april 29, 1862