Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Kidney:
Location: ... abdominal wall (?-?) ... (covered by parietal peritoneum) Right kidney slightly ... to left because the liver takes up space 3 Tissue layers surrounding kidney: 1. ... (perinephric) fat: on kidney 2. ... fascia: external to fat 3. ... (paranephric) fat: external to renal fascia |
posterior
T12-L3 Retroperitoneal inferior Perirenal Renal Pararenal |
|
|
Kidney: External
Dimensions: 4” x 2” x 1” Renal ... (a cleft; “doorway”) Renal ... (deeper: past the hilum) = the space around the renal pelvis = filled with fat and ... |
hilum
sinus vessels |
|
|
Kidney (external):
Structures entering or leaving hilum/sinus: 1. Renal ... (most anterior) 2. Renal ... (in middle) 3. Renal ... (most posterior; urine) - ... calyces (many) --> ... calyces (3-4) --> pelvis --> ... --> urinary bladder |
vein
artery pelvis minor major ureter |
|
|
how many segmental branches of the renal artery are there?
|
5
|
|
|
renal arteries and veins:
Arteries: from aorta at ?/? 1. ... is longer because aorta sits to the ... 2. Segmental aa: usually # 3. Right renal a: posterior to ... Veins: 1. Left renal vein: (shorter or longer?) - unusual tributary: ... gonadal v. (... side comes up to IVC) |
L1/L2
right left 5 IVC longer left right |
|
|
pyramids are in the ...
... is at the tips of the pyramids |
medulla
papilla |
|
|
Kidney: Internal
...: outer layer ...: inner layer 1. Pyramids a. ... at apex b. ... covers papilla 2. ...: space between pyramids |
Cortex
Medulla Papilla Minor calyx Renal columns |
|
|
what is the functional unit of the kidney?
-producing urine -ion exchange |
nephron
|
|
|
Ureter:
1. 10-12 inches long; ... 2. ... - smooth muscle contraction to move urine along 3. Points of constriction: a. renal ...-... junction b. ... - as it crosses over bone c. ... of urinary bladder |
retroperitoneal
Peristalsis pelvis ureter pelvic brim wall |
|
|
... (most anterior organ in gut):
1. Position: ... to pelvic organs; ... to pubic symphysis; primarily ... and consists of a bag that stores urine in produced in the kidneys. 2. ...muscle: smooth m. of wall a. “flap valve” for ureter: passive b. detrusor contraction --> active sphincter on ureter c. Contracts to aid in the passage of urine from the bladder into the ... during micturition |
Bladder
anterior posterior retroperitoneal Detrusor urethra |
|
|
Superior aspect of bladder covered by peritoneum, which reflects onto the anterior aspect of the ... in females (... pouch), and onto the anterior aspect of the ... in males (... pouch).
|
uterus
vesicouterine rectum rectovesicular |
|
|
When empty, the bladder lies ... and ... to the pubic bone. When full, it may expand ... above the pubic bone.
|
below
posterior superiorly |
|
|
Inner posterior wall of the bladder = ...
-the ... open into the bladder at the lateral angles -the ... opens inferiorly at the apex |
trigone
ureters urethra |
|
|
Trigone: triangle: openings for the 2 ureters and the urethra
Urethral sphincters: 1. Internal urethral sphincter (sph. vesicae): = involuntary, ... muscle that encircles the urethra at the junction of the bladder and urethra 2. External urethral sphincter (sph. urethrae) = voluntary, ... muscle that encircles the urethra in the urogenital diaphragm |
smooth
skeletal |
|
|
Urinary bladder:
Innervation: 1. Sympathetic spinal cord levels (?-?): sphincter vesicae 2. Parasympathetic (S2-S4): a. Sensory: bladder distension b. Motor: detrusor muscle 3. Somatic: skeletal muscle of the ... |
T11-L2
sphincter urethrae |
|
|
adrenal (suprarenal glands)
Located between ... and ... Enclosed by renal ... & perinephric fat ... for veins and lymphatics, but arteries and nerves enter at multiple sites Embryologically and functionally: 2 different glands |
kidney
diaphragm fascia Hilum |
|
|
adrenal glands:
1. Cortex: a. derived from ... b. function: 3 classes of steroid hormones (1) glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol) (2) mineralcorticoids (e.g. aldosterone) (3) androgens (e.g. testosterone) 2. Medulla: a. derived from ... cells b. part of the nervous system but functions as an endocrine gland c. ... cells: similar to postsynaptic, sympathetic neurons; secrete epinephrine & norepinephrine |
mesoderm
neural crest chromaffin |
|
|
adrenal gland: arteries and veins
Arteries (3): 1. Superior: from ... a. 2. Middle: from ... 3. Inferior: from renal... a. Veins: 1. Right: short; into ... 2. Left: longer; into ... |
inferior phrenic
aorta aorta IVC left renal vein |
|
|
Control of adrenal gland:
Cortex: ... - ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from pituitary gland Medulla: ... - presynaptic fibers from greater splanchnic nerve pass through celiac ganglia & synapse directly on cells of ... |
hormonal
neural adrenal medulla |
