Exam 4 Anatomy Foregut Part 1

Front 1

Landmarks: concepts

Abdomen only has bony landmarks at extreme ... and ... ends.

... of abdomen is less extensive than interior, as interior extends upward under diaphragm and inferiorly into ‘false’ pelvis.

Back 1

superior
inferior
Surface

Front 2

... peritoneum covers the inside of the abdominal wall

Back 2

parietal

Front 3

round ligament of liver = ...

Back 3

ligament of teres

Front 4

what ligament surrounds the inferior epigastric arteries and veins?

Back 4

lateral umbilical ligament

Front 5

... (in abdominal wall) = collection of dense irregular connective tissue that have a lining of peritoneum

Back 5

ligament

Front 6

in the fetal circulation, what brings oxygenated blood to the fetus?

what brings blood back to the maternal circulation?

Back 6

umbilical vein
umbilical artery

Front 7

which ligament is the remnant of the (fetal) umbilical vein?

Back 7

round ligament (ligament of teres)

Front 8

hernias:

Passage of peritoneum through ... opening in structure.

... hernia most common: it is the herniation of peritoneum, fat or viscera through the inguinal area.

Back 8

abnormal
Inguinal

Front 9

inguinal hernias:

Direct inguinal hernia: herniation directly through ... ring, without deep ring involvement.

Indirect inguinal hernia: herniation through the ..., through both deep and superficial rings.

Back 9

superficial
spermatic cord

Front 10

... - serous membrane that lines the walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers surface of abdominal and pelvic organs

Back 10

peritoneum

Front 11

... peritoneum - lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities

Back 11

parietal

Front 12

... peritoneum - covers abdominal and pelvic organs

Back 12

visceral

Front 13

... is more extensive than pleura and serous pericardium --> it is related to many organs (not just one) --> it has a more complex arrangement

Back 13

peritoneum

Front 14

peritoneum can be regarded as a balloon (sac) into which organs are pressed from outside (especially from ... abdominal wall)

Back 14

posterior

Front 15

... - potential space between parietal and visceral layers (inside space of balloon/sac) --> contains small amount of serous fluid

Back 15

peritoneal cavity

Front 16

... organ - Almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum (no organ is actually within peritoneal cavity)
-ex.: jejunum, ileum, stomach, spleen, transverse colon.

Back 16

intraperitoneal

Front 17

... organ - Located posterior to peritoneal sac (between peritoneal sac and posterior abdominal wall) --> only anterior surface of organ is covered with peritoneum.

Back 17

retroperitoneal

Front 18

... Organ:

Most of duodenum and pancreas, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, abdominal aorta, IVC

Back 18

Retroperitoneal

Front 19

ligament: two-layered ... that connects a solid viscera to abdominal wall or another viscera --> does not consist of dense fibrous connective tissue as ligaments associated with joints

Back 19

peritoneal fold

Front 20

... - peritoneal fold that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall (above umbilicus) and diaphragm.

Back 20

Falciform ligament

Front 21

... - peritoneal folds that connect liver to diaphragm.

Back 21

Coronary ligaments

Front 22

... - peritoneal fold that connects spleen to left kidney

Back 22

Splenorenal ligament

Front 23

... - peritoneal fold that connects stomach to spleen

Back 23

Gastrosplenic ligament

Front 24

...: two-layered peritoneal fold that connects stomach to another organ

Back 24

Omentum

Front 25

... - Connects lesser curvature of stomach and
1st part of duodenum to visceral (inferior) surface of liver

Back 25

lesser omentum

Front 26

Lesser Omentum has 2 parts:

... ligament - stomach to liver
and
... ligament - duodenum to liver

Back 26

hepatogastric
hepatoduodenal

Front 27

... - Has a right free border that contains ducts, blood and lymph vessels and nerves traveling to and from liver

Back 27

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

Front 28

... - Hangs down from stomach, like an “apron”, in front of coils of jejunum and ileum --> usually contains large amounts of fat

Back 28

Greater Omentum

Front 29

Greater Omentum:

Two anterior layers descend from greater curvature, fold back on themselves and ascend (forming 2 posterior layers) to attach to ... colon --> space between 2 anterior and 2 posterior layers is obliterated

Back 29

transverse

Front 30

... - Two-layered peritoneal fold that connects a part of the intestines to posterior abdominal wall --> allows blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves to reach organ from posterior abdominal wall.

Back 30

Mesentery

Front 31

Parts of intestines that have mesentery are more mobile and are ....

Back 31

intraperitoneal

Front 32

Mesentery of small intestine --> connects coils of jejunum and ileum to ... abdominal wall

Back 32

posterior

Front 33

... : (mesentery of transverse colon) --> connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall
... - (mesentery of sigmoid colon) --> connects sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal and pelvic walls

Back 33

Transverse mesocolon

Sigmoid mesocolon

Front 34

Mesenteries have a ... (posterior border attached to posterior abdominal wall) and a free border (encloses part of intestines)

Back 34

root

Front 35

... - peritoneal pouch located posterior to lesser omentum and stomach
-it is arranged like a rubber hot-water bottle with its neck facing to the right.
-Projects superiorly as far as diaphragm.
-Projects inferiorly between anterior and posterior layers of greater omentum for a short distance (due to adherence of anterior and posterior layers).
-Left margin = spleen, gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments.

Back 35

Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)

Front 36

Lesser Sac (Omental Bursa)

Right margin --> ... foramen (opening of lesser sac) --> only communication of lesser sac --> communicates lesser sac with greater sac (remaining of peritoneal cavity)

Back 36

epiploic

Front 37

what are the 3 main structures that make up the anterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Back 37

portal vein
hepatic artery proper
bile duct

Front 38

what is the posterior boundary of the epiploic foramen?

Back 38

inferior vena cava

Front 39

what is the superior border of the epiploic foramen?

Back 39

caudate lobe of liver

Front 40

what is the inferior border of the epiploic foramen?

Back 40

1st part of duodenum

Front 41

1 median umbilical fold --> covers median umbilical ligament which is a fibrous cord that extends from apex of ... to umbilicus --> it is a remnant of ... of embryo (when its lumen obliterates in the embryo, it is called ...; in the adult it is known as median umbilical ligament)

Back 41

urinary bladder
allantois
urachus

Front 42

2 medial umbilical folds (1 on each side) --> cover medial umbilical ligaments, which are 2 fibrous cords that ascend from the ... to umbilicus --> represent distal, obliterated parts of umbilical arteries

Back 42

pelvis

Front 43

2 lateral umbilical folds (1 on each side) --> cover ... vessels

Back 43

inferior epigastric

Front 44

...: located between median and medial umbilical folds --> formed as peritoneum reflects from anterior abdominal wall onto urinary bladder --> its level rises and falls with filling and emptying of bladder

Back 44

supravesical fossa

Front 45

...: located between medial and lateral umbilical folds --> potential site for direct inguinal hernia

Back 45

medial inguinal fossa

Front 46

...: located lateral to lateral umbilical fold --> site of deep inguinal ring --> potential site for indirect inguinal hernia

Back 46

lateral inguinal fossa

Front 47

Transverse colon and its mesentery (transverse mesocolon) divides abdominal cavity into ... and ... compartments

Back 47

supracolic
infracolic

Front 48

supracolic compartment: located above transverse colon and its mesentery --> contains ..., ... and ...

Back 48

stomach
liver
spleen

Front 49

infracolic compartment: located below transverse colon and its mesentery
-contains most of ... and ... intestines.
-is divided into right and left infracolic spaces by mesentery of ... intestine.

Back 49

small
large
small

Front 50

There is free communication between supracolic and infracolic compartments via ... (grooves between lateral aspects of ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall).
-also acts as an area where infection can spread

Back 50

paracolic gutters

Front 51

Nerves and dermatomes of the abdominal wall:

Spinal nerves run between ... and ...

Lateral cutaneous branches to lateral side

Anterior cutaneous branches to anterior surface

... to Xiphoid

... to Umbilicus

...: divided into
Iliohypogastric N.
Ilioinguinal N.

Back 51

internal abdominal oblique
transversus abdominis
T7
T10
L1

Front 52

(Sympathetic? or Parasympathetic ?) ganglia are found in the walls of organs

Back 52

parasympathetic

Front 53

Nerve Supply of Peritoneum:

Pain can be elicited by mechanical, chemical or thermal stimulation of parietal peritoneum, but usually only by stretching ... peritoneum (due to overdistension of a viscus or pulling on a ...).

Pain originating from ... peritoneum is usually severe and well localized.

Pain originating from ... peritoneum is usually dull and poorly localized

Visceral peritoneum --> visceral sensory fibers that travel with sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that supply ...

Back 53

visceral
mesentery
parietal
visceral
organs

Front 54

Entering the GI tract, the stomach, duodenum, pancreas, plus liver, gall bladder and spleen, make up the region known as the ...

Back 54

foregut

Front 55

beginning of the gut tube:

The epithelium of the gut arises from the ....

As the brain grows rostrally, the gut tube is pulled ....

Back 55

endoderm
anteriorly

Front 56

The gut becomes divided into three segments:

rostral to the vitelline duct is the ..., adjacent to the vitelline duct is the ..., and posterior to it is the ....

Back 56

foregut
midgut
hindgut

Front 57

Foregut:

gives rise to esophagus, stomach, duodenum (as far as opening of bile duct), liver and biliary ducts, and pancreas;

supplied by branches of ...;

receive sympathetic innervation from ...

receive parasympathetic innervation from ... nerve (mainly the ... one)

Back 57

celiac trunk
celiac ganglion
vagus
left