Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is Biostratinomy |
It is the study of the processes that take place after an organism dies but before its final burial. |
|
|
Define Taphonomy |
Processesof preservation and how they affect the fossil record |
|
|
What is Diagenesis? |
the changes that take place after final burial |
|
|
What are the types of Biostratinomy? |
Dis-articulation Fragmentation Encrustation Scavenging Abrasion Dissolution |
|
|
What are the types of Diagenesis? |
Replacement Recrystallization Carbonization Permineralization Molds & Casts Impressions Unaltered Remains |
|
|
What are two examples of Replacement |
Pyritization - Gold or iron looking Siicifaction - Grey/light grey Rusty looking |
|
|
What are the characteristics of Carbonization? |
Dark sooty film (very thin) needs to be set with hairspray. |
|
|
What are the characteristics of recrystallization? |
Same group different mineral (High mg calcite to low Mg calcite) |
|
|
Permineralization (subset petrifaction) |
Occurs in really porous media. Quartz grows in pore spaces (replace wood/bone with mineral) |
|
|
What are the characteristics of impressions |
Really shallow molds |
|
|
What is the order of the sedimentary sequence? |
Sauk, Tippecanoe, Kaskaskia, Absaroka, Zuni, Tejas |
|
|
What time period did the Sauk deposition take place? |
Pre cambrian to Early Ordovition |
|
|
What time period did the Tippecanoe deposition take place? |
Early Ordovition - Early Devonian |
|
|
When did the Kaskaskia deposition take place? |
Early Devonian - Latest Mississippian |
|
|
When did the Absaroka deposition take place? |
Latest Mississippian - early Jurrasic |
|
|
When did the Zuni deposition take place? |
Middle Jurrasic - Cenezoic |
|
|
When did the Tejas deposition take place? |
Cenozoic - recent |
|
|
Define Taxonomic groups,or taxa |
animals that are closely related to oneanother |
|
|
Define Taxonomy |
the study of the composition andrelationships among animal groups Type of animal |
|
|
What are the Linnean taxonomic ranks |
Kingdom -> Phylum -> Class -> Order -> Family-> Genus -> Species |
|
|
What are the Domains of life |
Bacteria / Eukarya / Archaea / Protista |
|
|
What are the major taxa? |
Poriferans (sponges) / Cnidarians (corals, anemones) / Mollusks (gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods) / Arthopods (trilobites, crustations) / Brachiopods & Bryozoans / Encinoderms ( Starfish, crinoids, sea urchin, sand dollars) / Chordates (fish, vertebrates) / Plants |
|
|
What is the naming sequence for a conglomerate? |
Sedimentary Structure Fossils Full name - Matrix or Clast supported - Clast composition - Clast size - Clast shape |
|
|
What is the naming sequence for a sandstone |
Sand size - Quartz/Feldspar/Lithic composition - Mud matirx |
|
|
What is the naming sequence for a mud rock? |
Siltstone - mud - clay |
|
|
What matrix percentage makes up a wacke? |
10% - 50% |
|
|
What are the two mud supported chemical rocks? |
Mudstone and wackestone |
|
|
What are the four chemical rock sub groups |
Mudstone Wackestone Packstone Grainstone |
|
|
What is the difference between a packstone and a grainstone? |
Packstone has a muddy matrix grain supported Grainstone has a cement matrix grain supported |
|
|
What are the grain compositions for chemical rocks |
fossils, ooids, intraclasts |
|
|
What is the evaporate sequence? |
Carbonates - Calcite and dolomite Sulfates - Gypsum / andhydrite Chlorides - Halite, Potassium & Magnesium salts |
|
|
What are some rock features? |
Laminations - Graded bedding - Ripples - Sole Marks - Intraclasts - Mud Cracks - Pits & Impressions - Burrows - Stromatolites |
|
|
What are laminations |
a small scale sequence of fine layers |
|
|
What is graded bedding |
characterized by a systematic change in grain or clast size from the base of the bed to the top. |
|
|
what are ripples |
sedimentary structures (i.e. bedforms of the lower flow regime) and indicate agitation by water (current or waves) or wind. |
|
|
What are sole marks |
sedimentary structures found on the bases of certain strata, that indicate small-scale (usually on the order of centimetres) grooves or irregularities. |
|
|
What are intraclasts |
k |
|
|
What are mud cracks |
k |
|
|
What are pits and impressions |
k |
|
|
What are the four types of facies |
Litho Bio Ichno Tapho |
|
|
WHat is a lithofacies? |
Based on rock type and sedimentary structure |
|
|
What is a biofacies |
Based on body fossil composition |
|
|
What is an ichnofacies |
Based on trace fossil composition |
|
|
What is a taphofacies |
Based on differences in fossil preservation |
|
|
what is stratigraphy |
The study of stratified rocks, especially their geometric relations,compositions, origins, and age relations. |
|
|
What are some qualities of an index fossil? |
Environmental generalist (eurytope) Fast evolving Geographically widespread Abundant Easily preservable Easily recognizable |
|
|
What are the different types of stratigraphy? |
Chrono MAgneto Litho Bio Isotope Sequence |
