Exam 4-26-17

Front 1

T/F

Transduction is the conversion of energy into electrical impulses in specialized nerveendings in response to pain that exceeds the nociceptor’s threshold.

Back 1

True

Front 2

One common physiologic response to pain is

Back 2

an increased heart rate and blood pressure level

Front 3

The analgesic effect of opioids is due to their:

Back 3

interaction with specific opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.

Front 4

The analgesic effect of NSAIDs is due to:

Back 4

modification of the inflammatory response

Front 5

The term antipyretic is used to describe a drug that relieves:

Back 5

Fever

Front 6

_______ refers to an increased response to a stimulus that is normally painful so that less andless stimulation is required to produce pain, whereas _______ refers to the production of painin response to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.

Back 6

Hyperalgesia; allodynia

Front 7

Pain is considered to play such an important role in overall health and well-being that it isnow considered a fifth:

Back 7

Vital Sign

Front 8

Kappa and Mu are

Back 8

types of opioid receptors in the central nervous system

Front 9

Multimodal analgesia takes advantage of the _________ obtained by combining two or moreclasses of analgesic drugs to alter more than one phase.

Back 9

synergistic effects“doubled”

Front 10

The presence of both hyperalgesia and allodynia collectively is called:

Back 10

the wind-up phenomenon

Front 11

Elective soft tissue procedures for dogs, such as spaying or castration, usually require howmany days of postoperative treatment with NSAIDs?

Back 11

3 - 4 days

Front 12

Which of the following is a normal finding when using a 2 -agonists?

Back 12

Bradycardia

Front 13

Which is the correct order of the phases of nociception?

Back 13

Transduction, transmission, modulation

Front 14

Lidocaine and bupivacaine are examples of which drug class?

Back 14

Local anesthetics

Front 15

Describes the transduction phase of nociception

Back 15

The conversion of energy into an electrical impulse

Front 16

Aversive sensory and emotional experience that elicits protective motor actions, results inlearned avoidance, and may modify species-specific behavior traits, including socialbehavior, is best known as:

Back 16

Pain

Front 17

Known as “ouch” pain, which of the following protective sensations of pain occurs when thereis a possibility of or actual tissue injury?

Back 17

Physiologic

Front 18

Chemical mediators, such as prostaglandin and histamine, are responsible for:

Back 18

Inflammatory pain

Front 19

Pain originating from the musculoskeletal system is best described as:

Back 19

Somatic pain

Front 20

A common class of drugs utilized to treat and target specific receptors in the pain pathwayincludes:

Back 20

NSAIDs

Front 21

what is not typically associated with neuroendocrine changes that occur inresponse to pain?

Back 21

Increased insulin release

Front 22

The use of preemptive analgesia is likely to:

Back 22

Prevent "wind up"

Front 23

Patients that are suffering from pain are likely to experience noticeable alterations in their:

Back 23

facial expressions, appearance, and attitude

Front 24

Perioperative analgesia is the concurrent use of:

Back 24

preemptive analgesia and multimodal therapy

Front 25

Opioid agonist drugs act in which of the following ways?

Back 25

Centrally: to inhibit perception in the brain and sensitization in the spinal cord

Front 26

Caution should be taken with rapid intravenous injection of morphine in canine patients dueto the potential for:

Back 26

histamine release

Front 27

This paradoxical response in canine patients after the administration of oxymorphone canmake which of the following procedures difficult?

Back 27

Thoracic radiographs

Front 28

Of the synthetic opioids, which is known to also act as an antagonist at the NMDA receptor?

Back 28

Methadone

Front 29

In contrast to other pure opioid agonists, the duration of action achieved with intravenousfentanyl administration is:

Back 29

20 - 30 mins

Front 30

Due to the pH of the feline mucosa, which injectable narcotic can be administered orally foranalgesia?

Back 30

Buprenorphine

Front 31

General duration of action for buprenorphine following intramuscular injection is thought tobe:

Back 31

6 - 12 hours

Front 32

Butorphanol can be used as an antagonist to partially reverse respiratorydepression/sedation secondary to the use of:

Back 32

Mu agonist opioids

Front 33

The use of morphine administered through an epidural route is most likely to illicit whichadverse effect?

Back 33

Urine retention

Front 34

Which opioid should not be administered concurrently with the use of transdermal fentanyldue to risk of partial blockage of opioid receptors and reduced analgesic effect?

Back 34

Buprenorphine

Front 35

The NSAID that acts as a potent analgesic for both somatic and visceral pain is:

Back 35

Carprofen

Front 36

Clinical effects of NSAIDs are due to their inhibition of what chemical synthesis within thebody?

Back 36

Prostaglandin

Front 37

COX-2 isoenzyme is

Back 37

Inducible

Found in the CNS, kidneys, and eyes

Linked to analgesic effects

In is NOT present in most tissues

Front 38

The use of NSAIDs that results in renal toxicity is most likely due to the blockage of

Back 38

PGE 2

Front 39

Opioids are effective in the nociceptive pathway in all areas except:

Back 39

Transmission

Front 40

Local anesthetics are effective in the nociceptive pathway in all areas except:

Back 40

Perception

Front 41

Absence of pain sensation is best known as:

Back 41

Analgesia

Front 42

The concurrent use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids is contradicted due to which adverse sideeffect?

Back 42

Gastric ulceration

Front 43

Perception of pain takes place in the:

Back 43

Cerebral cortex

Front 44

Transmission of pain takes place in the

Back 44

Sensory Nerves

Front 45

Modulation of pain takes place in the

Back 45

Spinal cord

Front 46

What is involved in spaying a dog

Back 46

Removal of: ovaries, uterine body, uterine horns

Front 47

T/F

It is possible that animal pain is experienced as worse than human pain in the samesituation.

Back 47

T

Front 48

NIOSH

Back 48

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Front 49

RELs

Back 49

Recommended Exposure Limits

Front 50

OSHA

Back 50

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Front 51

Short term effects of breathing in WAG

Back 51

fatigue, headache, drowsiness, nausea, depression

Front 52

Long term effects of breathing WAG

Back 52

Reproductive disorders, liver and kidney damage, bone marrow abnormalities, chronic nervous system dysfunction

Front 53

Components of Scavenging System

Back 53

Waste gas port

Transfer tubing

Interface

Gas evacuation system

Front 54

Alternative scavenging system

Back 54

activated charcoal canister

Front 55

T/F

WAGs are a potential hazard to personal, but problems that arise are only of long term nature

Back 55

FALSE

Front 56

T/F

Long term toxicity of inhalation anesthetics is thought to be caused by the release of toxic metabolites during the breakdown of these drugs within the body

Back 56

TRUE

Front 57

The volatile inhalant general anesthetic thought to be least toxic, because very little is retained and metabolized, is:

Back 57

ISOFLURANE

Front 58

WAG for iso and sevo should not exceed:

Back 58

2

Front 59

How often should a test for low pressure leaks be conducted?

Back 59

Each day the machine is used

Front 60

The safest way to transport large compressed gas cylinders is:

Back 60

using a hand cart

Front 61

The minimum # of air changes per hour that should be available in a room in which WAG is present

Back 61

15

Front 62

A technician may reduce the amount of waste gases by:

Back 62

Using cuffed edotracheal tube

Ensuring that anesthetic machine has been tested for leaks

Using an injectable agent rather than mask chamber

Front 63

To conduct a low pressure test on an anesthetic machine (with a rebreathing circuit) you must

Back 63

Close the pop off valve and occlude the patient end of the breathing circuit

Compress the reservoir bag

Pressurize the circuit with a volume of gas

Front 64

Pathologic pain

Back 64

Prolonged and exaggerated

Front 65

Visceral Pain

Back 65

Originates from organs

Front 66

Allodynia

Back 66

Phenomenon in which an area close to the site of tissue injury is painful if stimulated with a normally non-noxious stimulus

Front 67

Simple descriptive scale

Back 67

allows assessor to rate degree of pain

Front 68

Visual analogue

Back 68

scale consists of a "ruler"

left line no pain

right line worst pain

Front 69

Numeric rating scale

Back 69

pain assigned to one of several levels

Front 70

Categorical numeric rating scale

Back 70

series of numeric rating scales with descriptions

Front 71

Opioids provide analgesia by:

Back 71

action on opioid receptors in both the spinal cord and brain as well as some peripheral tissues

Front 72

The process by which thermal, mechanical, or chemical noxious stimuli are converted into electrical signals called action potentials is

Back 72

Transduction

Front 73

In the spinal cord, pain impulses can be altered by neurons that either suppress or amplify nerve impulses. This is known as

Back 73

Modulation

Front 74

Where in the pain pathway does secondary sensitization or wind up occur?

Back 74

Spinal cord

Front 75

T/F

The dose of each drug is decreased when several drugs are used

Back 75

True

Front 76

What is NOT a potential side effect of opioid administration?

Back 76

Renal failure

Front 77

What is the Mechanism of Action of NSAIDs

Back 77

Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis

Front 78

T/F

Treating pain does NOT improve wound healing

Back 78

FALSE

Front 79

Drug groups that are most often given CRI

Back 79

Local anesthetics,

Opioids

NMDA