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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Latency
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5-6 yrs to puberty
Sexual Calm Focused on same sex friends but not in a sexual way |
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Gential
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Puberty to adulthood
Gentials Achieveing sexual intamcy in an adulthood relationship |
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Neo-Freudians
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Carl Jung
Alfred Adler Karen Horney |
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Carl Jung
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3 parts- ego, personal unconscious is unquie to each person. Collective unconscious is a shared (happy) to everyone.
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Alfred Adler
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Promoted indiviual inferiorority- all struggle to be strong, but we feel inferior
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Karen Horney
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No penis envy anxiety
Deals with ideal ways when we don't live up to the ideal way. |
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Emphasizes
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Free will
Psychological growth Self-actualized (reach goals) Carl Rogers |
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Self-Concept
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Set of perceptions and beliefes about yourself:
Nature Personal qualities Typical behavior Act in accordance with our self perception |
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Conditional Positive Regard
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Child is loved only when they behave in a way that is exceptable for behavior
Most parents give this Causes child to deny or distrote real feelings. |
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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Child's sense of being unconditionally loved even if mom or dad doesn't like their behavior.
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Fully-Functioning Person
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Flexible, evolving self-concept
Realistic (set goals) Open to new experiences Capable of Change |
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Emphasizes
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Albert Bandura said that our personality deals with soical orgins of thoughts and actions
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Process fo Self-Regulation
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1.Watch others
2. Observe consequences 3. Regulate behavior |
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Reciprocal Determinism
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Cognitive factors - behavioral factors - enviormental factors: These all go together.
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Cognitive Factors
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Bandura's Self-Efficacy
Rotter's Locus of Control |
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Bandura's Self-Efficacy
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Your belief in your ability to perfrom well.
High self-esteem -set high goals, and very cofident Low self-esteem -set low goals with no challenge, and very low cofidence |
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Rotter's Locus of Control
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How people account for what happens in their lives.
Internal -see themsleves as in control of their lives External -future is in the hands of fate. |
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Emphasizes
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Individual differences
Hans 2 dimensions to personality |
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Introversion - Extroversion
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Degree to which you direct your energies outward to others versus inward to self
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Intoversion
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Tend to be quiet and reserved
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Extroverted
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Tend to be social and outgoing
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Neuroticism - Emotional Stability
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Neuroticism
Emotional stability |
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Neuroticism
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Predisposition to become emotionaly upset
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Emotional stability
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Predisposition to be emotionally stabel
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The big Five
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Extraversion- outgoing vs. interverted
Neuroticism- stabel vs. upset Conscientiousness- dependable vs. not dependable Agreeableness- friendly vs. nonfriendly Openness to experiences- open or not |
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Personality
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Nature vers nurture!
Both are very important. Heredity can be a very large difference |
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Personality Assessments
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1. Observation, interviews, scales
2. Personality inventories 3. Projective tests |
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Observation, interviews, scales
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Based on first impressions
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Personality invetories
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The big five test.
They sometimes use this test when hiring new employees. |
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Projective tests
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Freud
Least active asked to project intermost feelings |
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Social Psychology
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Studies how people:
Think Feel Behave in social situations |
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2 basic areas
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Social Cognition
Social Influence |
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Social Cognition
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How people form impressions
How people interpret behavior Behavior affected by attitudes |
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Social Influence
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Behavior is affected by:
Situational Factors (social) Others |
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Person Perception
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Metal processes used to:
Form judgements of others Draw conclusions |
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Basic Principles
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Treat others according to perception
Goals determine info collected Evaluated people on expectations Self-perception influences perception of others |
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Social Norms
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Expectations for appropriate behavior
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Implicit Personality Theory
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Assumptions about relationship among type of:
People Traits Behavior |
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Attribution
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Inferring causes of people's behavior
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Fundamental Attribution Error
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Tendency to attribute behavior of others to internal influences
Ignoring external influecnces |
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Blaming the Victim
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Innocent Victim is blamed
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Just-World Hypothesis
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The world is just, so victim must deserve fate
Prevents thinking that this could of easily happened to me. |
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Actor-Observer Discrepancy
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One's own behavior to external causes
Others behavior to internal causes. |
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Self-Serving Bias
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Tendency to attribute
Successful outcome of one's own behavior to internal causes Unsuccessful outcomes to external causes |
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Cross-Cultural Psych
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Japanese and Chinese
Attribute academic failure to personal cause Academic success to situational |
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Conformity
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Change in response to real or imagined group pressure
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Asch Study
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One person is the real person being tested and the rest are all confederates ( they are someone in relation with the tester). Asch wanted to see what the true particpant would say. Confederates were told to give wrong answer.
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The Results
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7% of subjects conformed at least once
Over all trials, 37% of responses were incorrect |
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Factors influencing Conformity
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An ally- one other person in group that agrees with you
Normative social influence- people can form cause they want to fit in Informational social influence- people can form cause they don't want to be wrong |
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Obedience
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Performance of an action in response
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Milgram
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Started looking at obedience
Could a person be pressured into committing an immoral act? |
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Milgram's Study
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Teacher was the real person and they had to give a shock to the student (confederate) when they gave a wrong answer
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Results of Milgram's Study
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2/3 went full way
Nobody stopped before 300 volts Repeated many times NO gender differences |
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Explaining Results
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Well established framework to obey
Situation Gradual, repetitive task Experimenter's behavior Physical and psychological separation |
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Underming obedience
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Buffer removed
Teacher determines punishment |
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Compliance
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Bending to the requests of one perosn who has little or no authority
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2 techniques
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Foot-in-the-door effect
Door-in-the-face Technique |
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Foot-in-the-door Effect
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A person who has agreed to a small request is more likely later to agree to a larger demand
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Door-in-the-face Technique
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A person who has refused a major request will be more likely later on to comply with a smaller request
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Matching Hypothesis
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Select others who "match" us
Similar levels of attractions with money and status Mismatch? -physical might not match but similarites even it out |
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Do opposites Attract
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Complementary
Similar is important |
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Important Qualities
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Mutual attraction
Dependable character, Reliable Emotional Stability and maturity Pleasing disposition |
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Sex Differences
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Men prefer... youth, beauty
Women perfer... financial resources and social status |
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Sternberg's Theory of Love
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Intimacy- feelings in a relationship that give bonding,closeness, and connection
Passion- physical attractiveness, sexual consumation Commitment- committed to a relationship |
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7 kinds of Love
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Liking - Intimacy
Infatuated - Passion Empty - Commitment (arrange marraige) Romantic - intamcy and passion Fatuous - passion and commitment Companionate - commitment and intimacy Consummate - intamcy, commitment, passion |
