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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition of motivation |
a need or desire that energizes behavior and directs it toward a goal |
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Drive reduction theory |
A physiological need creates an aroused state which drives the organism to try to decrease the need. ex-you get thirsty, so you drink water to reduce the need for water |
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Optimum arousal theory |
We are motivated to be sufficiently aroused and connected to our environment example: sitting on the couch makes you want to get up and exercise |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law |
Moderate arousal peaks ability to do the task |
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What is an incentive? |
external forces which pull us to behave in certain ways |
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Parts of hypothalamus important in hunger ** |
Lateral Hypothalamus (makes us desire food) and Ventromedial Hypothalamus (stops hunger) |
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Anorexia Nervosa Definition |
Loss of appetite --- due to nerves |
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Schachter-Singer theory of emotion |
both physical and mental stimuli create emotion
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Lateral Hypothalamus |
makes us hungry |
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ventromedial hypothalamus |
stops hunger |
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Anorexia Nervosa Symptoms |
weight loss intense fear of gaining weight they begin purging, exercising excessively, and dieting misperception of body as fatter than it is also frequently diagnosed with (depression, OCD, phobias, panic disorder, alcoholism) low sexual drive |
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What percentage of people have anorexia nervosa |
1% of the population (especially upper middle class white women) |
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When does anorexia typically begin? |
early to middle teen years |
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First step to Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa? |
To gain weight |
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Two types of treatment of Anorexia Nervosa |
Family Cognitive Behavior Therapy- changing the way people thing Antidepressants- prozac helped alleviate binge eating, and distorted attitudes, but it has so many side effects |
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Bulimia definition |
an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating, with purging (vomiting or laxative use), or fasting |
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Bulimia Symptoms |
Fearful of gaining weight weight does not change depression and anxiety |
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comorbidity |
having more than one eating disorder |
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Maslows Hierarchy of needs |
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General Adaptation Syndrome |
You react to stress in 3 stages: 1) alarm 2) resistance 3) exhaustion |
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Facial Feedback |
the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings ex- just by smiling, you can get happy |
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Examples of stressors |
Significant life events - moving to college Catastrophes - death of loved one, 9/11 Daily Hassles - traffic |
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Stressors effect on physical health |
high blood pressure heart disease anxiety breaks your immune system down |
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Which aspect of Type A personality is most dangerous to physical health? |
negative, aggressive, anger (causes heart disease) |
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Study of elderly patients in nursing homes |
(notes) |
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perceived control's impact on physical health |
belief that you control your own fate better health, less depression |
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lymphocytes |
white blood cells that fight disease and protect body (a part of immune system) |
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How does stress impact lymphocytes? |
reduces the release of them to fight diseases |
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What did Ekman's study show about facial expressions and emotions |
people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in similar way, but certain cultures express emotions more. what does this say about emotion? its not only a biological phenomenon, but also social-cultural phenomenon |
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What percentage of people report being happy? |
75%-80% worldwide |
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is there genetic component of happiness? |
yes |
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what correlates with happiness |
High self esteem extraversion sense of control over life optimism close relationships a job or hobby which causes flow acts of generosity thankfulness |
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what doesn't correlate with happiness |
money is not correlated once basic needs are met age gender race education living in a big city or a small town part of country where you live |
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how is money related to happiness? |
it's not related to happiness |
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Adaptation-level phenomenon |
Whatever we get, we get used to it. We always want more than what we already have. |
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relative deprivation |
We compare ourselves to people around us and feel more deprived if those around us have more than we do |
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psychoneuroimmunology |
the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes effect the immune system and resulting health |
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emotion-focused coping |
attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs (avoiding the problem and turning to other things, like drugs) |
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problem-focused coping |
attempting to alleviate stress directly/by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor (facing the problem head on to fix it) |
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Aerobic exercise |
may alleviate depression and anxiety |
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Explain Id, Ego, Superego |
Id- devil (telling you to do what you really want) Ego- you (tries to please both) Superego- angel (telling you to do the right thing) |
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Oedipus Complex |
The idea that you're sexually attracted to your mother when you're 3. So you try to repel father. |
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What's the purpose of defense mechanisms? |
to reduce anxiety by distorting reality |
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Defense Mechanism Repression |
your mind trying to forget things that are painful example- forgetting the pain of being abused as a child |
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Defense Mechanism Reaction Formation |
saying or doing the opposite of an acceptable impulse example - a bully picking on someone because of low self esteem |
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Defense Mechanism Rationalization |
doing something bad, and finding an acceptable excuse for it ex- drinking, everyone else does it |
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Defense Mechanism Projection |
instead f admitting to being a certain way, the accuses others of being that way ex- Calling the kettle black |
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Defense Mechanism Sublimation |
using an acceptable outlet to let out unacceptable emotion ex - playing football, because you need to get out your aggression |
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Psychosexual stages |
Oral- sexual satisfaction through mouth (pacifier, mom's nipple) Anal- gratification comes through controlling bladder (potty-training) Phallic- sexual curiosity (penis envy) Latency- repressed sexual desire (cooties) Genital- mature sexuality |
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Identification |
dolphins or sex? we identify objects based on past experiences |
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Fixation |
Getting stuck in one of Freud's psychosexual stages. |
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Big 5 Trait- Openness |
accepting of new ideas and experiences ex- accepting gay people |
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Big 5 Trait - Conscientiousness |
punctual, organized, determined ex- somebody who always comes to work on time |
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Big 5 Trait - extraversion |
being able to be okay in crowds and around people ex- party person |
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Big 5 Trait - agreeableness |
ability to get along well with others ex- elmo |
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Big 5 Trait - Neuroticism |
negativity ex- eeore |
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big five |
you can see (external behavior) |
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freud |
you can't see (subconscious) |
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environment effects personality |
personality effects environment |
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how does personality change across the lifespan? |
change occurs throughout a lifetime, and continues to occur until death. especially during young old ages due to social demands. |
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the impact of brain activity on extraversion? |
extraverts seek brain stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low |
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the person-situation controversy |
the debate whether a person's actions are determined by their personality, or the situation |
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self-serving bias |
tendency to look at yourself positively, but other things negatively |
