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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The system of rules for combining small units of measuring to form words or to modify word meanings is called
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morphology
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one method for studying language involves having infants watch two videos while listening to a sentence. Researchers record which video the infants look at. This method assesses the infants' ______ skills.
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receptive
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Children typically say their first words at about how many months of age?
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12 months
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Toddler Bertha and her father are reading a book together. The father points to a picture of a green apple and says "green." Bertha already knows the word "apple," so she believe that "green" must mean something different. She thinks about features for which she has no labels. This process of word learning is called
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lexical contrast
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An example of telegraphic speech is when a child says
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"Doggy go" meaning "The dog is going away"
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Which of the following is an example of what the text calls "communicative competence"?
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saying "please" and "thank you" appropriately
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Chromsky's ideas about the Language Acquisition Device are consistence with
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a Nativist view of language acquisition
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Children bring to language acquisition certain inborn abilities and constraints. These include all of the following EXCEPT
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a preference for low pitched, calm voices
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Child directed speech
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gives children opportunities to participate actively in conversations
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A doll house that is a miniature version of a family's home is an example of
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an iconic symbol
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Which concept is most associated with the idea of "socialization from the outside"?
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sublimination
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Toddler Thomas doesn't want his mother to help him put his shoes on and insists on trying to zip his coat himself. Timothy is demonstrating
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executive competence
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What is a normal reaction for Julie (2 years, 10 months) who just did something forbidden, like accidentally breaking a toy?
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anxiety because of breaking the rules
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According to your textbook, the major tasks for parents of toddlers include all of the following EXCEPT
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limiting experiences so toddlers won't be overwhelming
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The separation-individuation process goes more smoothly
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when toddlers have basic trust in their parents
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According to lecture, the ultimate goal of managing children's behavior through reinforcement and punishment is to
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help children learn self control
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More than in infancy, many factors work in combination to guide toddlers' development. Which of the following is LEAST relevant in toddlerhood?
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children's neurological development
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Which of the following is MOST predictive of child maltreatment, according to the text?
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a parent's stress and lack of effective coping strategies
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Piaget names the period from ages 2-7 the ___ Period of cognitive development
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Preoperational
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Preschooler Polly sees a peer kicking a toy after being scolded by a teacher (an example of displaced aggression). Polly thinks the peer is angry at the toy because she has problems understanding
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appearance-reality
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3 year old Eva tries to count her books. she counts "one, two, three, four" and then says she has "3" books. Eva is probably not understanding the ___ principle of counting.
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cardinal
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Can Eva classify her books into groups?
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Yes, 3 year olds can sort using one dimension but have trouble switching to a different dimension
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According to the test, what does NOT explain limitations in preschoolers' memory abilities?
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poor spatial recognition memory
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Can preschoolers (3-5) deploy their attention very well?
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Preschoolers fail to direct their attention in an organized way
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Which of the following in an example of preschool egocentrism?
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buying a toy for your mother on her birthday
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One way that preschoolers communicate with others despite limited cognitive resources is by using abstract knowledge of behavior such as eating at a fast-food restaurant or going to a birthday party. This knowledge is called
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a script
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During the preschool years, children tend to become
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more self-reliant and more connected to peers
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What changes in self-understanding occur in preschoolers?
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They can think about past and present experiences as well as particular and general experiences
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One of the main achievements of the preschool period if the ability to suppress strong behaviors such as talking more quietly when coming inside the school after shouting and playing on the playground. This ability is called
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effortful control
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David understands that he is still a boy even when he grows his hair long and that he will always be a boy. David has developed gender
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constancy
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Peter, a preschooler, sees another child fall down and start to cry. Will Peter show empathy and altrusim?
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Peter may get angry at the crying and show aggression to the other child.
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What does the text say about peer relationships during the preschool years?
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Popular preschoolers engage and respond to peers with positive feelings
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An example of ego resiliency is a preschooler
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being able to sing loudly at circle time and then paint quietly in the art center
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What is the best example of a play "signal"?
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smiling and laughing while playing
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What aspect of play appears for the first time in early childhood?
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Ability to coordinate and jointly develop themes
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Which is an example of pretend play that involves double object substitution?
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A child uses a stick as a spoon to stir sand he is pretending is soup
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According to the test, all of the following factors explain developmental coherence over time EXCEPT:
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fundamental change in behavior is almost impossible after childhood
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