Exam 3 Review

Front 1

Social Contract

Back 1

An implicit agreement among the members of a society

Front 2

Implicit

Back 2

Understood but not stated directly

Front 3

Group Property

Back 3

A characteristic that a group of people have even though the individual members may lack (not have) this characteristic

Front 4

Liberty

Back 4

The ability to make choices and act on them

Front 5

Equality of Opportunity

Back 5

When people have the same access or choices regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, etc.

Front 6

Equality of Condition

Back 6

Everybody has the same amount of wealth or material goods

Front 7

Harm Principle

Back 7

You should be allowed to do whatever you want as long as it doesn't harm another person

Front 8

Paternalistic Law

Back 8

Law that is supposed to be for your own good; supposed to protect you from harm you might do to yourself

Hint 8

Seatbelt laws

Front 9

Utopia

Back 9

An ideal society

Front 10

Communism

Back 10

The system in which property is owned communally instead of privately

Front 11

Natural Lottery

Back 11

The genetic distribution of talents and assets

Front 12

Distributive Justice

Back 12

Concerns how wealth is distributed

Front 13

Retributive Justice

Back 13

Concerns law and punishment

Front 14

Free Will

Back 14

The ability to make choices that are up to you

Front 15

Determinism

Back 15

The view that every event, including every human choice, has a prior cause

Front 16

Introspection

Back 16

The ability to look inward at your own mind

Front 17

Infinite Regress

Back 17

A series that goes back forever

Front 18

Reduction

Back 18

Occurs when phenomenon at one scientific level is explained in terms of a more basic science

Front 19

Occam's Razor

Back 19

Says the simplest explanation is usually the correct one

Front 20

Problem of Interaction

Back 20

Asks how can a non-physical mind causally interact with a physical body

Front 21

Principle of the Conservation of Matter and Energy

Back 21

Says that the total matter and energy in a system remains constant

Front 22

Artificial Intelligence

Back 22

A research program aimed at creating machines that simulate intelligent behavior

Front 23

Turing Test

Back 23

A test of computer intelligence

Front 24

Egalitarian

Back 24

Thinks that private property is the source of most social problems

Front 25

Elitist

Back 25

There is such a thing as excellence and it should be rewarded

Front 26

Contractor

Back 26

Society is based on rational agreement among individuals

Front 27

Organicist

Back 27

Society is like an organism that exerts a non-rational influence on its members

Front 28

Libertarian

Back 28

We value liberty above all things

Front 29

Paternalist

Back 29

We are willing to sacrifice liberty for our own good or to promote a code of public morals

Front 30

Capitalist

Back 30

Capitalism is just because it promotes freedom and responsibility

Front 31

Socialist

Back 31

Capitalism is unjust because it promotes greed, dishonesty, and exploitation

Front 32

Rights Defender

Back 32

Every human being has the same basic rights

Front 33

Rights Skeptic

Back 33

There are no absolute or universal rights

Front 34

Materialist

Back 34

The mind is equal to, or equivalent to, the brain; they are one and the same

Front 35

Dualist

Back 35

We have a non-physical mind and a physical body, including the brain, that causally interact

Front 36

Hard Determinist

Back 36

Determinism is true and we do not have free will; determinism = yes, free will = no

Front 37

Metaphysical Libertarian

Back 37

We can tell through introspection that we have free will so determinism must be false; determinism = no, free will = yes

Front 38

Soft Determinist

Back 38

Determinism is true but we still have free will when our choices are self-caused; determinism = yes, free will = yes

Front 39

Incompatibilist

Back 39

Determinism and free will are not compatible, it's one or the other

Front 40

Excuser

Back 40

We are never responsible for anything we do

Front 41

Judge

Back 41

You are responsible for something if you caused it, if you intended to cause it, if you are sane, and if you have a choice

Front 42

Mechanist

Back 42

Computers already think; they already do many of the functions/actions that we consider thinking

Front 43

Mentalist

Back 43

Computers do not think now and they never will