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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what sits between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch?
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palatine tonsil
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what muscle is the anterior pillar of the tonsilar fossa?
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palatoglossus muscle
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what muscle is the posterior pillar of the tonsilar fossa?
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palatopharyngeus m.
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The palatine tonsil is rich in blood supply. 4 arteries that supply to this area are...
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facial
ascending pharyngeal lesser palatine lingual |
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what is this?
A ring of lymphatic tissue formed by the two palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, the lingual tonsil, and intervening lymphoid tissue |
Tonsilar Ring of Waldeyer
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what are the 4 muscles of the tongue?
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styloglossus
hyoglossus genioglossus palatoglossus |
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Hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) innervates all the tongue muscles except ...
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palatoglossus
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If CN 12 is lesioned, the tongue deviates towards the ... side
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damaged
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Does CN 12 innervate the neck muscles?
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NO
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the hypoglossal nerve and the lingual artery are separated by the ... muscle
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hyoglossus
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the lingual artery and lingual nerve (do/do not) run together.
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do not
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right where the lingual nerve and submandibular duct cross, the lingual nerve is in what position?
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lateral
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Cranial nerve 9 receives ... fibers from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, the tonsils, the pharynx, the middle ear, and the carotid body.
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sensory
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Cranial nerve 9 receives taste fibers from the ... of the tongue
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posterior 1/3rd
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Cranial nerve 9 supplies ... fibers to the parotid gland via the ... ganglion
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parasympathetic
otic |
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cranial nerve 9 supplies motor fibers to what muscle?
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stylopharyngeus muscle
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cranial nerve 9 contributes to what plexus?
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pharyngeal plexus
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what muscle is this?
-arises from petrous portion of temporal bone and auditory tube. Elevates the soft palate. (CN 10) |
levator veli palatini
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what muscle is this?
Arises from the scaphoid fossa at base of the medial pterygoid plate. Its tendon winds around the pterygoid hamulus and continues medially to enter soft palate. Tenses the soft palate. Innervated by CN5. |
tensor veli palatini
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the pharyngeal plexus is formed by the pharyngeal branches of the ... and ... nerves, and by ... branches from the superior cervial ganglion
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vagus (CN 10)
glossopharyngeal (CN 9) sympathetic |
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what is the junction box that makes sure things go down in the right direction?
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pharynx
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what muscle distinguishes between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
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stylopharyngeus muscle
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In the pharynx, where is the most likely place where items can get trapped? ex. fish bone, foreign objects.
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piriform fossa
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what runs from the superior margin of the posterior surface of the hyoid bone to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage?
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thyrohyoid membrane
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the thicker medial part of the thyrohyoid membrane is known as the ...
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median thyrohyoid ligament
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what nerve and artery pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
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internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal artery |
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what resembles a class ring facing backwards?
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cricoid cartilage
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the cricoid cartilage is at what level of vertebral body?
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C6
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what sits on top of the cricoid cartilage?
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arytenoid cartilages
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what are the small cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid?
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arytenoid cartilages
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the arytenoid cartilages have 3 surfaces facing medially, posteriorly, and anterolaterally.
-anteriorly is the ... process -laterally is the ... process -there is a ... joint between each arytenoid and cricoid cartilage. -they are capable of movements in 3 planes: med/lat, ant/post, and ... |
-vocal
-muscular -synovial -rotation |
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what is this?
-two folds firmly attached to vocal ligaments, appear white. |
vocal folds
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what lies above the vocal folds? often called the false cords
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vestibular folds
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what is the slit between the two vocal cords?
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Rima Glottidis, or glottis
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... are two slit-like folds between vocal and false folds. They continue outwards and anteriorly into the ...
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laryngeal sinuses
saccules |
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what is the only muscle that opens the glottis and is the most important skeletal muscle in the body?
-it does the abduction of the vocal ligaments |
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
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what muscle does the adduction of vocal ligaments?
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lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
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the 3 main functional groups of the laryngeal muscles are those that:
-... or ... -... or ... -... the laryngeal aditus |
tense or relax
open or close modify |
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what are the 4 muscles that tense or relax the vocal folds by moving the thyroid cartilage backwards and forwards or tilting the arytenoids?
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cricothyroid
thyroarytenoid vocalis posterior cricoarytenoid |
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what 3 muscles open or close the glottis by rotating the arytenoids?
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posterior cricoarytenoids
lateral cricoarytenoids transverse arytenoids |
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what 2 muscles modify the laryngeal aditus?
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oblique arytenoid
aryepiglotticus |
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the cricothyroids (external muscle) pull the thyroid cartilage ..., hence ... the vocal cords.
-innervated by the ... nerve. -if damaged, will lead to a ... |
forward
tensing external laryngeal monotone voice |
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thyroarytenoids
-lower fibers attach to the arytenoid. Some of these insert into the ... muscle -upper fibers continue into the aryepiglottic folds as the ... -contraction shortens and ... the vocalis muscle. |
Vocalis
thyroepiglotticus relaxes |
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posterior cricoarytenoids:
-contraction pulls the muscular processes ... rotating the arytenoids ... and ... the vocal folds -they are the only muscles that ... the glottis -if both of these muscles are damaged, the patient will ... -they are the most important skeletal muscle in the body |
medially
laterally abducting open asphyxiate |
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lateral cricoarytenoids:
-pulls the muscular process ... rotating the arytenoids ... and ... the vocal folds |
forward
medially adducting |
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is the laryngeal inlet synonymous with the glottis?
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NO
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during swallowing, the ... close the ... and pull the arytenoids forward to contact the epiglottis thus closing the laryngeal inlet.
-the ... close the posterior part of the glottis. |
oblique arytenoids
aryepiglottic folds transverse arytenoids |
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what are the two mucosal folds that run from the arytenoid to lateral edges of the epiglottis?
-contains muscle fibers - the ... |
aryepiglottic folds
aryeppiglotticus |
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the two aryepiglttic folds form the lateral edges of the entrance to the larynx - the ...
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laryngeal additus
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the ... lies between the aryepiglottic folds and the inferior pharyngeal mucosa - lined by internal laryngeal nerves
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piriform fossa
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what does the aryepiglotticus muscle do?
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closes laryngeal inlet
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two lateral and one medial ... folds run from the back of the tongue to the epiglottis. On either side of the median fold are 2 spaces - the ...
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glossoepiglottic
valleculae |
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The superior laryngeal nerve splits into 2 branches.
-the ... nerve runs with the ... artery and pierces the thyrohyoid membrane - sensory above the ... -the ... nerve runs with the ... artery and is the motor supply to the ... muscle. |
internal laryngeal
superial laryngeal vocal cords external laryngeal superior thyroid cricothyroid |
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internal laryngeal nerve:
-one of the two branches of the ... nerve (vagus) -sensory supplying the ... over the epiglottis and the interior of the larynx above the vocal cords -also carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ... |
superior laryngeal
mucous membrane larynx |
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gag reflex: which cranial nerves
in - out - |
9 in (glossopharyngeal)
10 out (vagus) |
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recurrent laryngeal nerve:
-on the right it loops behind the ... -on the left it loops behind the ... -ascends between trachea and esophagus along with ... -enters the larynx beneath the ... -if damaged on one side, fixed vocal cord and hoarseness. If both, ... possible -the (right or left) recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to damage because it enters the superior mediastinum: ... aneurysm for instance. |
subclavian artery
aortic arch inferior thyroid artery inferior constrictor asphyxiation left aortic arch |
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superior laryngeal artery:
-branch of the ... and, together with the inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery provides blood to the larynx. |
superior thyroid artery
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cancer of larynx:
-... is indicated in serious cases of malignancy. -... palpable to the upper tracheal rings suggest cancer |
laryngectomy
swollen nodes |
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what is this?
-contraction of the abdominal and thoracic wall muscles, along with forced closure of the glottis is a necessary part of several human functions: urination, defecation, childbirth |
Valsalva Maneuver
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what procedure may result in damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
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thyroidectomy
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Cricothyrotomy: emergency airway opening
-between which membrane? -illegal without a medical license |
cricothyroid membrane
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posterior cricoarytenoid muscle inserts on the ... branch of the aretynoid
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muscular
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CN12 - tongue points (towards/away from) damaged side.
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towards
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CN 10 - pharyngeal branch goes to soft palate. If damaged, uvula will deviate (towards/away from) damaged side
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away from
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