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64 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what sits between the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch?
palatine tonsil
what muscle is the anterior pillar of the tonsilar fossa?
palatoglossus muscle
what muscle is the posterior pillar of the tonsilar fossa?
palatopharyngeus m.
The palatine tonsil is rich in blood supply. 4 arteries that supply to this area are...
facial
ascending pharyngeal
lesser palatine
lingual
what is this?
A ring of lymphatic tissue formed by the two palatine tonsils, the pharyngeal tonsil, the lingual tonsil, and intervening lymphoid tissue
Tonsilar Ring of Waldeyer
what are the 4 muscles of the tongue?
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
Hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) innervates all the tongue muscles except ...
palatoglossus
If CN 12 is lesioned, the tongue deviates towards the ... side
damaged
Does CN 12 innervate the neck muscles?
NO
the hypoglossal nerve and the lingual artery are separated by the ... muscle
hyoglossus
the lingual artery and lingual nerve (do/do not) run together.
do not
right where the lingual nerve and submandibular duct cross, the lingual nerve is in what position?
lateral
Cranial nerve 9 receives ... fibers from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, the tonsils, the pharynx, the middle ear, and the carotid body.
sensory
Cranial nerve 9 receives taste fibers from the ... of the tongue
posterior 1/3rd
Cranial nerve 9 supplies ... fibers to the parotid gland via the ... ganglion
parasympathetic
otic
cranial nerve 9 supplies motor fibers to what muscle?
stylopharyngeus muscle
cranial nerve 9 contributes to what plexus?
pharyngeal plexus
what muscle is this?
-arises from petrous portion of temporal bone and auditory tube. Elevates the soft palate. (CN 10)
levator veli palatini
what muscle is this?
Arises from the scaphoid fossa at base of the medial pterygoid plate. Its tendon winds around the pterygoid hamulus and continues medially to enter soft palate. Tenses the soft palate. Innervated by CN5.
tensor veli palatini
the pharyngeal plexus is formed by the pharyngeal branches of the ... and ... nerves, and by ... branches from the superior cervial ganglion
vagus (CN 10)
glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
sympathetic
what is the junction box that makes sure things go down in the right direction?
pharynx
what muscle distinguishes between the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
stylopharyngeus muscle
In the pharynx, where is the most likely place where items can get trapped? ex. fish bone, foreign objects.
piriform fossa
what runs from the superior margin of the posterior surface of the hyoid bone to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage?
thyrohyoid membrane
the thicker medial part of the thyrohyoid membrane is known as the ...
median thyrohyoid ligament
what nerve and artery pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
internal laryngeal nerve
superior laryngeal artery
what resembles a class ring facing backwards?
cricoid cartilage
the cricoid cartilage is at what level of vertebral body?
C6
what sits on top of the cricoid cartilage?
arytenoid cartilages
what are the small cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid?
arytenoid cartilages
the arytenoid cartilages have 3 surfaces facing medially, posteriorly, and anterolaterally.
-anteriorly is the ... process
-laterally is the ... process
-there is a ... joint between each arytenoid and cricoid cartilage.
-they are capable of movements in 3 planes: med/lat, ant/post, and ...
-vocal
-muscular
-synovial
-rotation
what is this?
-two folds firmly attached to vocal ligaments, appear white.
vocal folds
what lies above the vocal folds? often called the false cords
vestibular folds
what is the slit between the two vocal cords?
Rima Glottidis, or glottis
... are two slit-like folds between vocal and false folds. They continue outwards and anteriorly into the ...
laryngeal sinuses
saccules
what is the only muscle that opens the glottis and is the most important skeletal muscle in the body?
-it does the abduction of the vocal ligaments
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
what muscle does the adduction of vocal ligaments?
lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
the 3 main functional groups of the laryngeal muscles are those that:
-... or ...
-... or ...
-... the laryngeal aditus
tense or relax
open or close
modify
what are the 4 muscles that tense or relax the vocal folds by moving the thyroid cartilage backwards and forwards or tilting the arytenoids?
cricothyroid
thyroarytenoid
vocalis
posterior cricoarytenoid
what 3 muscles open or close the glottis by rotating the arytenoids?
posterior cricoarytenoids
lateral cricoarytenoids
transverse arytenoids
what 2 muscles modify the laryngeal aditus?
oblique arytenoid
aryepiglotticus
the cricothyroids (external muscle) pull the thyroid cartilage ..., hence ... the vocal cords.
-innervated by the ... nerve.
-if damaged, will lead to a ...
forward
tensing
external laryngeal
monotone voice
thyroarytenoids
-lower fibers attach to the arytenoid. Some of these insert into the ... muscle
-upper fibers continue into the aryepiglottic folds as the ...
-contraction shortens and ... the vocalis muscle.
Vocalis
thyroepiglotticus
relaxes
posterior cricoarytenoids:
-contraction pulls the muscular processes ... rotating the arytenoids ... and ... the vocal folds
-they are the only muscles that ... the glottis
-if both of these muscles are damaged, the patient will ...
-they are the most important skeletal muscle in the body
medially
laterally
abducting
open
asphyxiate
lateral cricoarytenoids:
-pulls the muscular process ... rotating the arytenoids ... and ... the vocal folds
forward
medially
adducting
is the laryngeal inlet synonymous with the glottis?
NO
during swallowing, the ... close the ... and pull the arytenoids forward to contact the epiglottis thus closing the laryngeal inlet.
-the ... close the posterior part of the glottis.
oblique arytenoids
aryepiglottic folds
transverse arytenoids
what are the two mucosal folds that run from the arytenoid to lateral edges of the epiglottis?
-contains muscle fibers - the ...
aryepiglottic folds
aryeppiglotticus
the two aryepiglttic folds form the lateral edges of the entrance to the larynx - the ...
laryngeal additus
the ... lies between the aryepiglottic folds and the inferior pharyngeal mucosa - lined by internal laryngeal nerves
piriform fossa
what does the aryepiglotticus muscle do?
closes laryngeal inlet
two lateral and one medial ... folds run from the back of the tongue to the epiglottis. On either side of the median fold are 2 spaces - the ...
glossoepiglottic

valleculae
The superior laryngeal nerve splits into 2 branches.
-the ... nerve runs with the ... artery and pierces the thyrohyoid membrane - sensory above the ...
-the ... nerve runs with the ... artery and is the motor supply to the ... muscle.
internal laryngeal
superial laryngeal
vocal cords

external laryngeal
superior thyroid
cricothyroid
internal laryngeal nerve:
-one of the two branches of the ... nerve (vagus)
-sensory supplying the ... over the epiglottis and the interior of the larynx above the vocal cords
-also carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ...
superior laryngeal
mucous membrane
larynx
gag reflex: which cranial nerves
in -
out -
9 in (glossopharyngeal)
10 out (vagus)
recurrent laryngeal nerve:
-on the right it loops behind the ...
-on the left it loops behind the ...
-ascends between trachea and esophagus along with ...
-enters the larynx beneath the ...
-if damaged on one side, fixed vocal cord and hoarseness. If both, ... possible
-the (right or left) recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to damage because it enters the superior mediastinum: ... aneurysm for instance.
subclavian artery
aortic arch
inferior thyroid artery
inferior constrictor
asphyxiation
left
aortic arch
superior laryngeal artery:
-branch of the ... and, together with the inferior laryngeal branch of the inferior thyroid artery provides blood to the larynx.
superior thyroid artery
cancer of larynx:
-... is indicated in serious cases of malignancy.
-... palpable to the upper tracheal rings suggest cancer
laryngectomy
swollen nodes
what is this?
-contraction of the abdominal and thoracic wall muscles, along with forced closure of the glottis is a necessary part of several human functions: urination, defecation, childbirth
Valsalva Maneuver
what procedure may result in damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerves?
thyroidectomy
Cricothyrotomy: emergency airway opening
-between which membrane?
-illegal without a medical license
cricothyroid membrane
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle inserts on the ... branch of the aretynoid
muscular
CN12 - tongue points (towards/away from) damaged side.
towards
CN 10 - pharyngeal branch goes to soft palate. If damaged, uvula will deviate (towards/away from) damaged side
away from