Exam 3 Etc And Oxidative Phosphorylation

Front 1

Pyruvate carboxylase requires which of the following for enzymatic activity?

TPP
Pyruvate
Biotin
NADH
FADH

Back 1

Biotin

Front 2

NADH comes from ...

Back 2

TCA cycle

Front 3

FADH2 comes from ...

Back 3

succinate dehydrogenase (complex #2)

Front 4

the purpose of the ETC is to capture and use ... from 2 redox reactions to make ATP

Back 4

energy

Front 5

Take glucose, FA, AA, funnel into ..., strip carbons away, run em down the ... (to generate ATP)

Back 5

TCA cycle
ETC

Front 6

energy production happens in the ...

Back 6

mitochondrion

Front 7

stalks located on inner membrane = ... - takes ADP, and generates ATP from energy from the ETC -> does ... (as opposed to substrate level phosphorylation in TCA cycle)

Back 7

ATP synthase
oxidative phosphorylation

Front 8

which group do the components of the electron transport chain belong to?

components:
-NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1)
-CoQ (Ubiquinone)
-Cytochrome b-c1 complex (complex 3)
-cytochrome c
-cytochrome oxidase (complex 4)
-succinate dehydrogenase (complex 2)

groups:
(3)span the inner membrane
(2)associated with membrane but do not span the membrane
(1)does not span the membrane either

Back 8

Span the inner membrane
-NADH
-cytochrome oxidase
-cytochrome b-c complex

associated w/ but does not span the membrane:
-cytochrome c
-CoQ

does not span the membrane either
-succinate dehydrogenase

Front 9

Heme molecule (cytochromes)

-electrons are carried on the ...
-can deal with ... (including either electrons or oxygen)

Back 9

iron
high energy

Front 10

... is the ultimate acceptor of electrons

NADH is mixed with ubiquinone. When we have this redox chemical reaction, we get large ... free energy. Can be used to generate an ....

Ubiquinone to cytochrome C
Cytochrome C to oxygen.

Back 10

Oxygen
negative
ATP

Front 11

Lots of energy available to do energy ...

Complex # 1, 3, and 4 all span the ...

Don’t get very much energy out of complex #2 reaction, does not span the mitochondrial membrane

There is a tie in between the mitochondrial membrane and ... production

Back 11

biosynthesis
mitochondrial membrane
energy

Front 12

Chemo-osmotic theory:

Building a proton gradient (electrochemical gradient) between the ... and ....

Increasing proton concentration in ..., pH is going down

... = ability of protons to move

Tremendous amount of energy across this membrane

Back 12

matrix
inner membrane space
inner membrane space
Proton motive force

Front 13

which 3 complexes span the inner membrane ?

Back 13

complex 1 (NADH dehydrogenase)
complex 3 (Cytochrome b-c1)
complex 4 (cytochrome oxidase)

Front 14

all of the following are electron carriers in the electron transport chain except:

cytochrome C
coenzyme Q
hemoglobin
Fe-S centers
riboflavin

Back 14

hemoglobin

Front 15

Complex 1 = NADH dehydrogenase, strips ... off NADH and pumps a ... across the inner membrane over to the intermembrane space

This ... the pH in the intermembrane space

The process is repeated

Back 15

electrons
proton

drops

Front 16

ETC does nothing more than build an ... between the matrix and the intermembrane space

Back 16

electrochemical gradient

Front 17

after complex 1, electrons are then transferred to ...

Back 17

CoQ

Front 18

CoQ stays in the membrane, and passes those electrons to ..., which passes it to ... --> energy release which is used to pump a proton across complex 3

CoQ is an ..., does not pump protons

Back 18

complex 3
cytochrome c

electron carrier

Front 19

cytochrome C pumps electrons to ...

Cytochrome oxidase (complex 4) takes 4 electrons, and 2 protons and glues them on to ...

Intermembrane space pH is ... relative to the matrix

Back 19

complex #4

oxygen

dropping

Front 20

This membrane is very tightly controlling the flow of ... (or anything that passes the mitochondria's membrane for that matter)

Use proton’s ... energy and run it through the ... -> kinetic energy

ATP is generated

Back 20

protons
potential
ATP synthase

Front 21

Taking electron transport chain and building a ..., which is then used by ... to undergo ...

2 pathways:
ETC – sole job is to build proton gradient
ATP synthase – uses proton gradient to generate ATP (oxidative phosphorylation)

These 2 pathways are linked by the ...

Back 21

proton gradient
ATP synthase
oxidative phosphorylation

proton gradient

Front 22

... - (physical link between TCA and ETC)

Back 22

Succinate dehydrogenase

Front 23

what are these?

succinate
barbituates (amytal, rotenone)
antimycin A
cyanide
azide
carbon monoxide

Back 23

inhibitors of ETC

Front 24

succinate inhibits complex # ...

Back 24

2

Front 25

barbituates (amytal, rotenone) inhibit complex # ...

Back 25

1

Front 26

antimycin A inhibits complex # ...

Back 26

3

Front 27

cyanide, azide, and carbon monoxide inhibits complex # ...

Back 27

4

Front 28

barbituate users will ... the ETC, but won't completely shut it down

Back 28

compromise

Front 29

if you inhibit at complex 3, will the ETC shut down or be compromised?

Back 29

shut down

Front 30

atractyloside secondarily stops ETC by inhibiting ..., which causes a back up of ATP inside the matrix

Back 30

ATP/ADP translocase

Front 31

what is this?

Makes a hole in the membrane.
Protons flow through in an uncontrolled fashion. Protons start to drain out.
ETC chain senses this and turns on. People breath rapidly, have elevated temperatures.
It speeds everything up. (inhibitor stops things)

Back 31

uncoupler

Front 32

... is an example of an uncoupler

Aspirin in huge doses can also act as uncouplers

could potentially affect their ETC

Back 32

thermogenin (UCP)

Front 33

Atractyloside inhibits which of the following?

pyruvate dehydrogenase
succinate dehydrogenase
ATP-ADP translocase
NADH dehydrogenase
Cytochrome oxidase

Back 33

ATP-ADP translocase