Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
When did the first alternative movements emerge within rock music? |
1970s |
|
|
when was the "golden age" of punk rock? |
1975-1978
|
|
|
how does your textbook describe that golden age? |
As a back to basic rebellion against the perceived artifice and pretension of corporate rock music.
|
|
|
Punk was both a musical genre and a what? |
Attitude and cultural style
|
|
|
What was the cultural style of punk? |
An attitude defined by a self-consciously bratty rebellion against authority and a deliberate rejection of middle-class values.
|
|
|
What crucial question posed by punk still resonates today? |
Is it possible to make music that is authentic or real while at the same time loudly proclaiming that you don't care about anything?
|
|
|
When and where did punk first take shape? |
NYC during the 1970s
|
|
|
What kind of band was first popular in the early and mid-60s was one of the predecessors of punk? |
garage bands
|
|
|
What three groups are often cited as the "ancestors" of punk, and what did each contribute to the development of punk? |
The Velvet Underground, the Stooges and the New York Dolls
|
|
|
in what New York City club did punk first take shape? |
CBGBs
|
|
|
Who was the first rock musician the regularly perform at CBGBs? |
Patti Smith |
|
|
Who were some of the other groups to play at CBGBs in the 1970s? |
Television, Blondie and the Voidoids
|
|
|
Who does your textbook call the "first bonafide punk rock band," and who did they influence? |
The Ramones, and they influenced the Sex Pistols and the Clash, also influenced 1980s LA hardcore bands
|
|
|
What does your textbook call "a British Invasion in reverse" and what was its importance? |
The Ramones as an underground sensation in England followed by their concerts in English cities -- attended by future members of almost every important future British punk band
|
|
|
What were the basic musical characteristics of the Ramones? |
High-speed, energetic, extremely loud, catchy pop-inspired melodies, generally lasted no more than 2 and half minutes. Drums bass and gutiar.
|
|
|
What band best represented the "self-consciously artistic" side of punk? |
The Talking Heads |
|
|
Who was the lead singer of the Talking Heads and what kind of image did he create for himself? |
David Byrne, nerdy uncool college student style
|
|
|
How did British punk differ from American punk? |
More explicitly political, less artsy, more associated with white working-class youth subculture
|
|
|
What was the most outrageous British punk band, who created it and who was the lead singer? |
The Sex Pistols, created by Malcolm McLaren, lead singer: John Lydon (Johnny Rotten)
|
|
|
What were the Sex Pistols two best-known singles? |
"Anarchy in the UK" and "God Save The Queen (It's a Fascist Regime)"
|
|
|
What about John Lydon was "highly influential on later rockers"? |
His surprisingly sophisticated and multicultural approach to rock, as well as his rebelliously sarcastic attitude
|
|
|
Reggae is a mixture of what two musical styles? |
Caribbean folk and American R&B
|
|
|
What is the first musical style of the rock era to originate in the Third World? |
Reggae |
|
|
Where was Reggae born? |
Impoverished shanty towns of Kingston, Jamaica
|
|
|
What first popularized reggae in the U.S.? |
The Harder They Come (Film)
|
|
|
When did ska first emerge? |
during the 1960s
|
|
|
What are the main characteristics of ska? |
Strongly influenced by R&B, typically played at fast tempos, with bass playing a steady 4-beat pattern, with piano, guitar and drums emphasizing backbeats
|
|
|
Briefly describe Rastafarianism |
|
|
|
Identify three of the unique cultural practices associated with Rastafarianism |
Special terminology, the use of marijuana as a sacramental herb, and dreadlocks
|
|
|
What musical style was a bridge between ska and reggae? |
Rock steady
|
|
|
How does reggae differ from ska and rock steady? |
Slower tempo, emphasized polyrhythmic style
|
|
|
What are the main musical characteristics of reggae? |
Interlocking rhythmic patterns by guitar, bass and drums, bouncy up & down feeling
|
|
|
What are reggae lyrics often focused on? |
Political messages, social injustice and racism
|
|
|
Who was "reggae's most effective international ambassador"? |
Bob Marley
|
|
|
What brought a focus on dancing back into the pop mainstream? |
Funk
|
|
|
How does the textbook contrast soul and funk? |
|
|
|
What artist's 1960s hits provided a blueprint for funk of the 1970s?? |
James Brown
|
|
|
What was the typical instrumentation for a funk band? |
A rhythm section (guitar keyboards, electric bass, drums) and a horn section
|
|
|
According to the textbook, what was the core of funk music? |
The instrumentation, originating with James Brown's famous flames |
|
|
What does the textbook call the apotheosis of 1970s funk music? |
The loose aggregate of around 40 musicians led by George Clinton (Parliament/Funkadelic)
|
|
|
What were the name of George Clinton;s two most important groups? |
Parliament, Funkadelic
|
|
|
What musicians played with both James Brown and George Clinton? |
William "Bootsy" Collins (Bass), Maceo PArker (Sax) |
|
|
Briefly describe the concerts presented by George Clinton's groups |
Wild costumes, elaborate sets (Flying saucer called the mothership) with innovative concept albums
|
|
|
What music of the 1990s did George Clinton influence? |
Dr. Dre and Red Hot Chili Peppers
|
|
|
What was "the first real threat to rock's dominance since its inception"? |
Disco
|
|
|
What did disco represent a reaction against? |
2 central ideas of album oriented rock: the LP as an art and the rock group as artists
|
|
|
Who was attention focused on in disco? |
The PRoducers
|
|
|
What did disco's turntable techniques influence? |
hip-hop, house and techno
|
|
|
What kinds of clubs were influential in the development of disco music? |
Dance night clubs: "discotheques"
|
|
|
What film helped introduce disco into the pop mainstream? |
Saturday Night Fever
|
|
|
What group helped develop Eurodisco? |
Germany's Kraftwerk
|
|
|
Eurodisco was an important root of what later musical style? |
Techno
|
|
|
What were some of the reasons that disco inspired such passionate hatred amongst many rock fans? |
Represented self-indulgent, pretentious and vaguely musical orientation, it had links to gay culture and was rooted in African American dance music
|
|
|
Who were some of the important bands that played at the CBGBs in the 1970s and what did those bands have in common? |
Television, the Ramones, Patti Smith Group, Blondie and the Talking Heads
|
|
|
Why was punk more popular in Britain than in the U.S.? |
Because middle America wasn't in a recession like Britain was, British middle to lower class kids were looking for something to connect with
|
|
|
What musical style was an important influence on several British punk acts? |
Reggae
|
|
|
Who was the leading reggae producer in the 1970s? |
Lee Perry
|
|
|
What messages began to be conveyed in funk lyrics in the 70s? |
Social and political issues: civil rights, vietnam war
|
|
|
What musicians played with both James Brown and George Clinton? |
William "Bootsy" Collins, Maceo Baker, and Bernie Worrell |
|
|
What non-musical elements did George Clinton add to his funk? |
Outrageous clothing a style, stage persona, and attitude
|
|
|
What songwriting and producing team came from Philadelphia and what was unique about their version of funk? |
Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff, There style was more mellow, sweet, elegant, and sing-song dance-able, spawned disco
|
|
|
What was the states of the music industry from 1979 through the early 1980s and what did this cause the major record companies to do? |
A record sale recession; they, in turn, cut back expenses: trimmed their staffs, raised prices, signed fewer new acts, searched for new promotional and audience-targeting techniques |
|
|
In the mid-1980s, what began to bring the music industry out of its recession? |
The mega success of a few recordings by superstars: Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Whitney Houston |
|
|
What began in 1981 that changed the way the music industry operated? |
MTV |
|
|
What was the second British Invasion? |
July 1983, 18 of the top 40 were by English artists, topping previous record from 1965 |
|
|
What were the social and cultural changes that facilitated the rise of MTV? |
1980: Election of Reagan (social and political conservatism), raising of drinking age back to 21, baby boomers were then in their 30s |
|
|
How did radio change in the 1980s? |
New format: classic rock (to appeal to older listeners) with AOR preserved for younger listeners |
|
|
Why was MTV not just the television equivalent of AOR radio station? |
AOR was one of many radio choices, MTV was the only significant music video channel; MTV was the equivalent of all radio, not just one station |
|
|
In its early years why did MTV play almost no videos by black musicians? |
Supposedly this was because rock was then played by few black artists, but it was actually due to MTVs racially restrictive format. |
|
|
What forced MTV to start featuring African American artists? |
The mammoth success of Michael Jackson's Thriller, and how Columbia threatened to bar its white performers from MTV if they didn't play his music videos. |
|
|
What new recording medium was first used in 1983? |
Compact discs and digital |
|
|
What "new and more affordable devices for producing and manipulating sound" became available in the 1980s? |
Drum machines, sequencers, digital samplers, and the MIDI specification; Digital technology |
|
|
These devices stimulated the growth of what musical genres? |
hip-hop and techno |
|
|
What is sampling? |
A digital recording process in which a sound source is recorded (sampled) with a microphone. digitized and stored in a computer |
|
|
What is the top-selling album in history? |
Thriller |
|
|
How does your textbook characterize Thriller and Born in the USA? |
Thriller: modern, the zenith of Michael Jackson's career as a solo artist; state of the art pop music Born in the USA: more roots-based rock sound, concerned with our country's past |
|
|
What album proved there was still a pop mainstream in the 1980s? |
Thriller |
|
|
What two white superstars appeared on Thriller and what was their presence meant to do? |
Paul McCartner and Eddie Van Halen, to attract different segments of the white audience (to reach a bigger audience) |
|
|
What visual media were significant in boosting the popularity of Thriller? |
The television special and the music video |
|
|
What earlier musical styles did Bruce Springsteen draw upon for his music in the 1970s and 1980s? |
50s R&B, early 60s rock, PHil Spector's wall of sound, and late 50s Rock |
|
|
What was the prevailing mood of the music on Born in the USA? |
Up tempo, rocking, grand-style, joyous |
|
|
What was the prevailing mood of the lyrics on Born in the USA? |
Dire commentary, intense, dark, and despairing |
|
|
What reasons are cited in the textbook for why the messages in the lyrics of the songs Born in the USA were frequently misunderstood? |
Amplification levels and crowd noise in huge, sold-out stadiums |
|
|
What is synth-pop? |
The first type of popular music defined by the use of electronic sound synthesis? |
|
|
In the 1980s, What was the profitability of the music industry dependent on? |
sales guaranteed by a relatively limited number of multi-platinum recordings
|
|
|
In the 1980s, how was a potential hit album promoted? |
Music videos, TV talk shows, Hollywood films, newspapers, magazines and radio interviews |
|
|
What was "The power of mass-mediated charisma" rooted in? |
The idea that an individual fan can enter into a personal relationship with a super star |
|
|
What are the three most popular narratives for the career of a star? |
Bad boy or girl, good-hearted and generous, or the artist from humble background how falls victim to sin before being accepted by the media and millions of fans |
|
|
In the 1980s, what two new superstars were particularly adept and manipulating the mass media? |
Madonna and Prince |
|
|
Compare and contrast Madonna's and Princes approaches to music making |
Madonna: collaboration of singer, songwriters, producers, studio musicians and others; Prince: not a collaboration, he composed, produced, engineered and performed his music himself |
|
|
What do Madonna and Prince have in common? |
Both are self-conscious authors of their own celebrity, creators of multiple artistic alter-egos, highly-skilled mass-media manipulators, both experienced rise to fame in the early 80s, dependent on mass media, and sought to blur conventional boundaries of race, religion and sexuality |
|
|
Who was second in popularity to Michael Jackson in the late 80s through the 90s? |
Madonna |
|
|
What did Madonna exert an unusual amount of control over from early in her career? |
Her music and the creation and promulgation of her media image |
|
|
What are some controversies that Madonna has created? |
Lyrical and video content |
|
|
According to the textbook, what 80s superstar is "one of the most talented musicians ever to achieve mass media and commercial success"? |
Prince |
|
|
What styled of music does Prince draw upon for his own music? |
James Brown, Santana, Joni Mitchel: funk, guitar-based rock 'n' roll, urban folk, new wave, jazz, psychedelic rock, and muc more |
|
|
What film and album established prince as a pop superstar? |
Purple Rain |
