Exam 3 Chapter 15 Epidemiolgoy/ Microbiology

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Portal of entry

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The way a pathogen gets into body;
1)parenteral route:puncture wound, bite
2) mucous membranes:nose,mouth,an
3)skin:microbes go through skin,infect

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ID50:

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Infectious dose: the number of microbes it takes to cause infection in 50% of a test population; answers amount of risk or how much risk is this?

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Adherence

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Attachment of a microbe or phagocyte to another’s plasma membrane or other surface.

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Capsules

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An outer, viscous covering on some bacteria composed of a polysaccharide or polypeptide.

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M protein

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A heat and acid resistant protein of streptococcal cell walls and fibrils.

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Coagulases

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A bacterial enzyme that causes blood plasma to clot.

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Kinases

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(1) An enzyme that removes a P from ATP and attaches it to another molecule. (2) A bacterial enzyme that breaks down fibrin (blood clots).

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Hyaluronidase

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An enzyme secreted by certain bacteria that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid and helps spread microorganisms from their initial site of infection.

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Collagenase

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An enzyme that hydrolyzes collagen.

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Antigenic Variation

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Changes in surface antigens that occur in a microbial population.

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Invasins

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A surface protein produced by Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli that rearranges nearby actin filaments in the cytoskeleton of a host cell.

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Siderophores

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Bacteria iron-binding proteins.

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Toxins

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Any poisonous substance produced by a microorganism.

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Toxigenicity

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The capacity of a microorganism to produce a toxin.

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Toxemia

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The presence of toxins in the blood.

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Exotoxins

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A protein toxin released from living, mostly gram-positive bacterial cells.

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Endotoxins

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Part of the outer portion of the cell wall (lipid A) of most gram-negative bacteria; released on destruction of the cell.

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Antitoxins

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A specific antibody produced by the body in response to a bacterial exotoxin or its toxoid.

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Leukocidins

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Substances produced by some bacteria that can destroy neutrophils and macrophages.

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Hemolysins

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An enzyme that lyses red blood cells.

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Superantigen

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an antigen (antibody formation; aka immunogen) that activates many different T cells, thereby eliciting a large immune response.

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Lipid A

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A component of the gram-negative outer membrane; endotoxin.

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IL1

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Septic Shock

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TNF

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(tumor necrosis factor) a polypeptide released by phagocytes in response to bacterial endotoxins; induces shock; also called cachectin.

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Lysogenic conversion

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The acquisition of new properties by a host cell infected by a lysogenic phage.

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CPE

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cytophathic effects- the visible effects of viral infection; CPEs are used to diagnose many viral infections.

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Contact inhibition

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The cessation of animal cell movement and division as a result of contact with other cells.

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Portals of exit

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The route by which a pathogen leaves the body, usually the same way it entered.

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CHAPTER 15 VOCABULARY
MICROBIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY

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