Exam 3 Anatomy Lecture 32: Blood

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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 32: BLOOD

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EXAM 3 ANATOMY LECTURE 32: BLOOD

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Blood vol for male and female:

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Male: 5-6L
Female: 4-5L

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Components of blood

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1. Plasma 55%
2. buffy coat (composed of leukocytes and platelets)
3. RBCs (45%)--> hct

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Formed elements of blood

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Erythrocytes: rbc's

Leukocytes
1. neutrophil
2. lymphocyte
3. monocyte
4. basophil

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Mneumonics for Least-->Most numberous leukocytes:

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Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas.

L: lymphocytes
M: monocytes

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Leukocytes

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Antigen presence--> cytokines released--> attract circulating leukocytes--> leave capillaries via diapedesis.

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Platelets

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250-400K
Lifespan: 5-9 dys
No nucleus
Many granules

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How are platelets removed?

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By macrophages in spleen and liver.

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What is a megakaryocyte:

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Platelet precursor
1. large
2. in red bone marrow
3. multilobulated nucleus

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How does platelet participate in blood clotting?

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It releases thromboplastin--> fibrinogen to fibrin--> polymerizes into fibers that form a clot.

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Nitric Oxide (NO)

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1. Vasodilator
2. Respiratory by-product
3. Short life span

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RBC

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1. 99% of blood cells
2. biconcave shape
3. Anuclear
4. no organelles (nucleus, mito, ER, golgi)
5. cannot divide
6. 100-120 dys
7. constantly regenerating in bone marrow.

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Granular leukocytes

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1. single multilobed nucleus
2. prominent granules

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Agranular leukocytes

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1. NON-lobulated nucleus
2. no granules

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Neutrophil

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1. 60-70% of wbc
2. lobulated nucleus
3. very mobile
4. phagocytosis

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Barr bodies

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Can be seen on nucleus of neutrophils.

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Eosinophil

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1. Decrease allergic rxn (degrade histamine, and phagocytosis)
2. antiparasitic
3. diurnal (most numerous in morning, and least at night)

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Basophil

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1. lobulated and irregular nucleus.
2. RELEASE granules to increase granulation
a. immune response
b. bee sting
c. allergic asthma
3. granules contain histamine
4. weakly phagocytic

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Lymphocytes

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Most important cells of the immune system.

B lymphoctyes mature in bone marrow. B cells make antibodies.

T lymphocytes mature in thymus. T cells attack and kill.

Increase with viral infections.

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What is the birth place of T and B lymphocytes?

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In bone marrow.

NOTE:
T cells mature in thymus
B cells mature in red bone marrow

After maturation, they are situated in the lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues.

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What are some examples of tissue specific phagocytic cells of monocyte lineage?

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1. kupffer cells for liver
2. microglia for CNS
3. langerhans for skin
4. osteoclasts for bone marrow

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What germ layer is hemopoiesis derived from?

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Mesoderm

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The mesoderm eventually differentiate to what type of stem cell?

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Hemopoietic (pluripotent) stem cell

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What are the 2 types of multipotential stem cells?

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1. myeloid stem cells (in red bone marrow)
2. lymphoid stem cells (in red bone marrow and finish development in other lymphoid tissue)

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What cells does myeloid stem cells include?

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1. rbc
2. platelets
3. granular leukocytes
4. monocytes

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What cells are of lymphoid stem cell origin?

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1. B lymphocyte
2. T lymphocyte

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What are the regulatory factors of hemopoiesis?

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1. hormones
a. erythropoietin: rbc's
b. thrombopoietin: platelets
2. cytokines: i.e. interleukin