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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Reproductive cloning |
inserting the nucleus of an adult human somatic cell into a human egg whose nucleus has been removed |
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Therapeutic Cloning |
It has the potential to rejuvenate tissues or even replace organs damaged from disease -an embryo is cloned and the stem-cell lines are extracted |
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stem cell research |
cells can be taken from blastocytes via IVF |
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self-replication |
stem cells renew themselves again and again |
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lack of specialization |
only function is to originate "daughter"specialized cells |
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potency |
can differentiate via cell division into various specialized somatic cell type |
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obligatory asymmetric replication |
stem cell divides into one daughter cell of a differentiated, specialized type, and one daughter stem cell identical to the mother cell |
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stochastic differentiation |
one stem cell divides into two differentiated daughter cells; simultaneously, a second stem cell divides into two stem cell daughters, identical to itself |
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totipotent |
these can differentiate into any body cell including placenta |
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Regenerative (reparative) medicine |
tissue replacement and ell-based therapies for organ repair |
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Somatic-cell Gene therapy |
This involves correcting a mutated copy of a gene or inserting an additional normal copy of a gene into the cells of a person's body Goal: to treat genetically caused diseases in living humans |
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Germ-line genetic alteration |
this involves modifying the cells of gametes Goal: to delete or correct mutations that would be passed on to offspring |
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Gannon on somatic-cell therapy |
the benefits of gene therapy outweigh the risks -can help with the development of vaccines -balance is key (beneficence and non maleficence) |
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Glannon on germ-line genetic alteration |
because of adverse effects being passed down to future generations, it is best to adopt a precautionary approach |
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eugenics |
means good creation in greek -in medicine eugenics refers to improving the human genome |
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negative eugenics |
refers to disease prevention or disease control via genetic testing and screening |
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positive eugenics: |
refers to GE |
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Gannon on disability |
In an era of limited budgets for educa(onand social services...even if there is noobliga(on to select against embryos thatwould develop into “people” withdisabili(es, this does not mean that thereis an obliga(on to allow these embryos todevelop into “people” |
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According to Glannon: |
According to Glannon: Our bodies and our minds are not completelydetermined by our genotype. The incompletepenetrance of genotypes makes the linkbetween genes and most diseases aprobabilis(c rather than a determinis(c one. |
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Euthanasia |
mercy killing |
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thanatos |
death |
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eu |
happy; fortunate |
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Active euthanasia |
Agent (oneself or another) provideseffecCve treatment to cause andhasten death. |
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Passive euthanasia |
Agent refuses / withdraws / withholdslife-sustaining treatment and allowspaCent to die by “leOng nature take itscourse.” |
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Suicide |
IntenConal terminaCon of one’s ownlife, for the sake of ending that life.(vs. for the sake of other goals) |
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Kantian |
Suicide is irraConal and immoral; ulCmatemisuse of one’s own humanity, using one’s own existence as a means to an end; thus, acomplete negation of self-respect; life as asacred trust, our existence is not our ownproperty to “dispose” of as we wish: perfectduty to oneself to conCnue and culCvateoneself. |
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Utilitarian point of view (act vs. rule) |
Suicide may be rational and moral inindividual cases, under appropriatecircumstances, where conCnued existenceconstitutes a greater harm than death, allaffected parties considered. |
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James Rachels |
he proposes that active euthanasia should be accepted as morally li |
