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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main Ideas from Karl Marx |
1. Things that happen in the material world shape the way we think. 2. Philosophers must take action by applying the theories and not just talking about them. |
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Historical Materalism |
1. Humans have a desire to be productive and creative. 2. Private property - created two types of people, the "Haves" and "Have Nots" |
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Karl Marx's Idea of Human History |
Human History is a struggle for power Thesis ------> Anti-Thesis--------> Synthesis (Haves) (Have-Nots) (Collision of Both) |
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Karl Marx's name for the two groups |
1. Bourgeoise - People in power during the struggle (Factory Owners)
2. Prolitariate - The people not in pwer during the struggle. (Factory workers) |
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Karl Marx's Ideas applied to crime |
1. Lumpenproletariat - People that are underclassed and severely unemployed. - Unemployment leads to demoralization which then leads to vice crime (Gambling, Sex, drugs) 2. Primative Rebellion Thesis - When the people in power criminalize the actions of the poor. |
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Research on Marx's ideas |
1. Antonoccio and Tittle
- They argued that capitalism leads to people becoming lumpenproletariat which then leads to crime. - They also found that there was no support that demoralization was related to crime from capitalism. |
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Conflict Theory: Social Reality of Crime |
1. Social Reality of Crime (Quinney) - Powerful individuals shape the law for their own benefits while making it look like it is for the common good |
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Conflict Theory: Segments |
1. The segments in power don't collectively make decisions that will benefit each other, they are all pursuing similar things. - Segments with power = Law works in your favor - Segments with power=Law does not work in your favor |
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Process of Criminalization |
1) Group differences creates a power struggle which ends in Conflict Conflict occurs - - when people (Subjects) who are not in power come together for a common purpose (organized) - When people are loud and demanding (low sophistication) 2. Conflict leads to Criminalization - Degree of offensiveness - relative power (when there is a big difference in power) - Realism of Conflict (If the people are a threat) |
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Criticisms of Marx/ Conflict Theory |
1. there are more groups than the "haves" and the "have-nots." 2. Society without private property will not end crime 3. Its hard to believe that our world will end up in communism because we are naturally selfish and want to be productive and creative (freedom). |
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Symbolic Interaction (Mead and Cooley) |
1. It is the experiences that we have with other people and how we think about them. 2. Micro-Level Theory |
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Looking Glass Self |
1. the self is developed through the social. 2.Your images are portrayed through what others see. |
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Delinquency and Drift (Matza) |
1. Social Bonds strengthen or weaken involvement with Crime and Deviance |
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Pro-Social Identity |
1. Thinking of yourself as the good guy |
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Techniques of Neutralization |
1. Denial of Responsibility 3. Denial of Victims 4.Condemning the Condemner 5. Appeal to higher loalties |
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Labeling Theory (Tannenbaum 1938) |
- The person becomes the thing he is described as being - Deviant Label --------------> change in identity-------------->involvement in crime |
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Labeling Theory (Lemert) |
- Primary Deviance Initial involvement in deviance , caused by many reasons. - Secondary Deviance Subsequent involvement Deviant Label-->Change in Identity--> Secondary Deviance |
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Sequential Process |
Intitial Act -----> You start to apprecieate the deviant act---> leads to involvement in deviiant act----> deviant label-----> Crime Consequence of Deviant Label - Change in Identity - Affects your peer groups - loss of structural opportunities (school, jobs) |
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Criticisms of Label Theory |
- Importance of formal Label is too emphasized - Resistance, some people embrace the deviant label - The formal label can actually lower involvement in crime |
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Power Differentials (Labeling Theory) |
- People with less power are more likely to be formally labeled. |
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Glenn Elder (Father of Life-course) |
-Life Course Theory - When and where you grow up affects the life course. |
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4 Principles of Life Course |
1. Historical Time and Place - Which generation you are born into 2. Timing in Lives - When you experience events in life matters 3. Linked Lives - Whats happens in your life affects other lives 4. Agency - Making your own decisions - Decisions are long-lasting - Bounded agency (Limited Knowledge) |
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Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control |
Process: Bad Child Structure--> Low Social Control--> Criminal Justice System---> Low Social Control as an Adult---->Involvement in crime as an adult |
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Cumulative Disadvantage |
- The consequences you make as a kid add up and affect your adulthood. |
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Continuity |
life course - Similarity in behavior thorughout the |
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Turning Points |
- Change in social bonds, like a good marriage and a stable job |
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Developmental Taxonomy (Moffitt) |
1. Adolescent Limited 2. Life Course Persistent 3. Abstainers |
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Adolescent Limited |
- Involvement at ages 19-25 - very inconsistent -Minor Crimes -Spuratic and Selective
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Life-Course Persistent |
- Heterotypic Continuity Continuity referred to a biological trait -Offend Earlier in Life - More Serious and consistent with crime
- Persistent |
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Peers (Warr) |
-Marriage doesnot strengthen social bonds. It changes who you hang out with |
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Cognitive Transformation (Giordono) |
- Explains Desistance within Life CoursePERSISTERS |
