Exam 3

Front 1

ORC

Back 1

Binds to origins, loads MCM complex

Front 2

Cohesin

Back 2

Binds to keep chromosomes together, cleaved by protease later

Front 3

MCM

Back 3

Destroyed by protesome

Front 4

Telomerase

Back 4

Preserves information on 5' ends of DNA using telomeres to extend end

Front 5

DNA Pol 1

Back 5

Proofreading site will cleave off incorrect nucleotides due to wrong kinetics

Front 6

Backwards slippage

Back 6

Causes insertions

Front 7

Forwards slippage

Back 7

Causes deletions

Front 8

UV Crosslinking

Back 8

DNA photolyase used to fix (MTHF->FADH->Breaks dimer)

Front 9

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Back 9

ABC Excinuclease cuts out error-> DNA Pol 1 and ligase fills in nick

Front 10

DNA Mismatch Repair

Back 10

Parental DNA is methylated

MutS and MutL and MutH(endonuclease) will cut out mismatch on daughter pair

Front 11

Base Excision Pair

Back 11

DNA Glycosylase removes base (base flipping mechanism)

AP endonuclease cleaves backbone

DNA Pol removes naked sugar

DNA ligase seals nick

Front 12

RNAP I

Back 12

rRNA

Front 13

RNAP II

Back 13

mRNA

Front 14

RNAP III

Back 14

tRNA

Front 15

Pre Initiation Complex

Back 15

Made up of RNAP II and GTF

TBP locally untwists DNA

Front 16

Promoters

Back 16

Tell the transcription machinery where to initiate

Bacteria uses sigma factor to direct RNAP to promoter

Front 17

Enhancer sequences

Back 17

Give modular control over each genes promoter
Regulate transcription by interacting with mediator

Front 18

Euchromatin

Back 18

Increased transcription areas

Front 19

Heterochromatin

Back 19

Decreased transcription areas

Front 20

Writer Enzymes/Eraser Enzymyes

Back 20

Add and remove marks from histones

Front 21

Reader Proteins

Back 21

Bind to histone modifications

Front 22

Covalent modification of DNA

Back 22

Methylation of Cytosine in CpG dinucleotide

Methylation will decrease transcription

Front 23

Active genes

Back 23

Have heavily acetylated histones

Front 24

Primed Genes

Back 24

Less-heavily acetylated histones

Front 25

Silenced Genes (Euchromatin)

Back 25

Heavily methylated DNA and Histone

Front 26

Initiation

Back 26

HAT's will help attract histone remodeling factors that open promoter sequences

Front 27

Elongation

Back 27

Phosphorylation of RNAP II

Allows polymerase to leave promoter

Front 28

Elongator

Back 28

Complex that has an acetyltransferase that helps displace nucleosome

Front 29

5' cap addition

Back 29

7-Methylguanosine added to 5' end of mRNA

Front 30

3' Poly A Tail

Back 30

Added by PAP

Front 31

Splicing

Back 31

Introns removed, Exons remain

Front 32

Lariat Mechanism

Back 32

2'OH attacks end of intron

Exon attacks other Exon and splices away

End up with lariat form intron and spliced exons

Front 33

tRNA wobble (C)

Back 33

G

Front 34

(A)

Back 34

U

Front 35

(I)

Back 35

UAC

Front 36

(U)

Back 36

AG

Front 37

(G)

Back 37

CU

Front 38

aaRS

Back 38

Attaches A.A to tRNA

Front 39

Mechanism

Back 39

Amino acid-> adenylated amino acid + tRNA-> aminoacyl tRNA

Front 40

Large subunit of Ribosome

Back 40

Makes polypeptid

Front 41

Small subunit of Ribosome

Back 41

decodes the mRNA