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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
disease
condition in which normal function is disturbed
illness
sensation of experiencing a diesased state
sickness
state of being ill
health
abscence of illness/injury
non-specific (innate) immunity
general defenses:
anatomic barriers
inflammatory barriers
phagocytosis
physiologic barriers
specific (adaptive) immunity
protects against certain pathogens
acquired, long-term
has memory
cell mediated immunity
humoral immunity
cell mediated immunity
recognition: T cell recognizes antigen
attack: immune cells cause cell death
memory: more rapid response next time
humoral immunity
recognition: B cells recognize antigen
attack: antibodies attack antigen
memory: more rapid response next time
steps in antibody production for B cells
antigen activates B cell
B cells proliferate w/ aid of helper T cells
antibodies secreted
antibodies help to destroy antigen
steps in antibody production for T cells
antigen enters tissue
macrophages and lysosomes attack
antigens displayed on surface of macrophage
helper T cells activate
cytokines stimulate B cell proliferation
B cells make antibodies
antibodies help destroy antigen
diffs btw T and B cells
B cells differentiate in bone marrow
T cells differentiate in thymus
B cells = 20-30% of circulating lymphocytes
T cells = 70-805 of circulating lymphocytes
B cell = humoral response, attack indirectly via antibodies
T cell = cell mediated response, interact directly with antigen
health plans needed to ensure...
prevention and treatment
health recorded and reviewed
action plans made
health plans should include...
biosecurity
quarantine
vaccination
parasite control
culling
Where/when was Lolita captured?
Aug 8, 1970
Puget Sound, Penn Cove Inlet
why study behavior?
easy to observe
non-invasive
get info about needs, preferences, and internal states
get baseline info
ethology
scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions
ethogram
detailed list of species-specific behaviors
behavioral repertoire
full range of behaviors in the wild
time budget
how animals allocate their time to diff behaviors
3 categories of normal behavior
what animal wants to do any time
what animal wants to do when environment dictates
what animal doesn't want to do
behavioral need
cause frustration if prevented
behaviors motivated by...
internal cues
external cues
combo of internal and external cues
conflicting motivation
desire to perform 2 or more unrelated activities
behavioral indicators of good welfare
alert and curious
range of activity
interacts w/ other animals
interacts with or avoids humans
plays
behavioral indicators of poor welfare
limited range of activity
abnormal actions towards humans
aggression toward conspecifics
stereotypies
displacement activities
displacement activities
normal activities direct towards inappropriate substrates
self-injurious behaviors
deliberate, repetitive, non-lethal harming of oneself
behavioral assessment methods
preference and motivation tests
fear tests
cognitive bias (judgement)
qualitative behavioral assessment
qualatative behavioral assessment
assessing observers interpretations of animal's behaviors
stress
state of disharmony or threatend homeostasis
types of stressors
physical facotrs
psychological factors
sympathtic adrenal medullary (SAM) stress response pathway
division of PNS, autonomic nervous system
noradrenaline and adrenaline (catecholamines)
fight or flight
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) stress response pathway
neuroendocrine system
cortisol, SCTH, CRH
mediator of endocrine responses
increases mobilization of energy stores
not as fast a response as SAM
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
division of PNS
maintains homeostasis
contains SAM (fight/flight)
contains parasympathetic nervous system (rest & digest)
neuroendocrine system (hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal gland)
cortisol mobilizes energy stores in short term