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47 Cards in this Set
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Developmental Psychology
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The study of progressive behavioral changes in an individual from birth until maturity
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Nature
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Individuals biological inheritance especially genes
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Nurture
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Individuals environmental and social experiences
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Stages of prenatal development
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Germinal-(zygote) 0-3 weeks divides & attaches to uterine walls
Embryonic -(embryo) 2-8weeks all major organs form, heart starts beating. Fetal-(fetus) 8weeks+ 37 - 40weeks |
lungs develop at 7 months
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Assimilation
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Occurs when adding new information to already known information
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Accommodation
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Changing or creating new schemas
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Schema
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Framework of information about things.
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Cross sectional research design strategy
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Group of people are assessed on a psychological variable at one point in time
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Faster in you just do it once
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Research design strategies
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Cross-sectional and longitudinal
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Longitudinal research design strategy
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Observes many people born around the same time over a lengthy period
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Expensive, people move, die and you lose track of them
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Cohort effect
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The differences between individuals because of historical time. When they are born or developed
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Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development
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Sensorimotor
Preoperational Concret Operational Formal Operational. |
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Sensorimotor
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Stimulation through senses. major motor development.
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Fine=little, Gross=big 0-2years
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Preoperational
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Egocentric, pretend, symbolic reasoning, representational thought
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imagination, self-centered, pretend animals are alive. 2-7years
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Concret Operational
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thought is limited. idealistic, logical
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7-11years
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Formal operational
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Abstract thought, Idealistic and logic
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11+years
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Erikson's sociomotional development
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Trust vs mistrust 0-1 1/2yrs
Autonomy vs shame & guilt 1 1/2-3 Initiative vs guilt 3-6 Industry vs inferiority 6-12 Identity vs role confusion 12-18 Intimacy vs isolation 20s-30s Generativity vs. Stagnation 40s Ego integrity vs despair 60s+ |
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Secure attachment
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Ways a infant uses caregiver as a secure base
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Leads to more confidence later in life
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Insecure attachment
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Avoidant- doesn't notice when mom leaves and avoids upon her upon return
Resistant -won't leave mom side |
Attactment -close emotional bond between infant and caregiver
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Kubler Ross' s stages of grief
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Denial - deny the truth of it
Anger - get mad Bargain - make deal with god Depression - get sad Acceptance - move on |
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Repression
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Blocking memories out
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Projection
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Taking bad things we don't like about ourselves and putting on/accusing others of doing it
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Baumrind's parenting styles
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Authoritarian -strict, limits & controls
Authoritative - encourages, give & take Neglectful - no rules or expectations Permissive - few rules, let's do whatever |
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Displacement
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Shifting anger from a person you're mad at to an unrelated person
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Sublimation (sexual - aggressive)
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Taking a bad tendency and turning it into something acceptable
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Reaction formation
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Doing exact opposite of what you feel
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regression
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Loss of progress
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Denial (grieving)
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Not accepting reality
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Freud stages of psychosexual development
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Oral stage birth -18 months- pleasure center is the mouth
Anal stage 18 -36 months- pleasure center is anus and urethra Phallic stage 3 - 6 yrs-pleasure center is in the genitals Latency period -6 yrs-puberty -psychic timeout, sexual interest is set aside Genital Stage- adolescents- adulthood-sexual reawakening |
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Trait theories Big Five
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Openness -open to new ideas & experiences
Contentiousness -well organized, careful, disciplined Extraversion - social, talkative, entergetic Agreeableness -sympayhedic, trusting, helpful Neuroticism- anxious, moodswings, impulse problems |
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Bandura
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Behavior, environment and a person's thoughts are all important in understanding personality
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Bandura- Bermuda Triangle
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Personality test )self-report and projective)
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Self-report- directly ask her some questions about personality traits yes or no 2 or false agree or disagree
Projective -Test asked to describe or tell story or project on meaning of stimulus |
MMPI and TAT
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Attributions
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How you explain a person's behavior
Personal / internal- something about them Situational / external- something from outside life. |
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Jung
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Collective unconscious - impersonal deepest layers of unconscious mind shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past
Archtypes - emotionally laden ideas and images in unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all |
Anima= passive feminine Animus= assertive masculine
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Freud's parts of personality
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ID - the principal- immediate gratification ,want it now
Ego- reality principle delay gratification SUREREGO- conscious |
Unbalanced an unconscious
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Self serving bias
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take responsibility for internal attributions & own success and deny responsibility for failures by blaming outside factors
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Fundamental attribution error
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Tendency to overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external situations when they seek explanations of others behavior
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Diffusion of responsibility
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More people around the less accountable anyone feels for their actions
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Milgrams study on obedience
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Classic experiment that provided insight on obedience participants were asked to deliver a series of painful electric shocks to another person
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Asch ' s study on conformity
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Study uncle for mini that showed in place with others to give wrong answers to questions 75% of participants knowingly answered wrong so they wouldn't stand out
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Groupthink
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It's more important for group to get along and agree then to make the right decision
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Social facilitation
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Improvement of tendencies or performance because of the presence of others
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Social loafing
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Person in a group to exert less effort than the others
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Cognitive dissonance
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The uncomfortable feeling you get when your thoughts and behavior doesn't match up
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To fix you must change your attitude or behavior
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Monozygotic
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identical twins- 1 egg splits. 100% DNA
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Dizygotic
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Fraternal twins 2 eggs, 2 stern 50% DNA
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harlows monkeys
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Social isolation experiments on monkeys which demonstrated importance of caregiving companionship and love and childhood development
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