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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connective tissue that surrounds each individual muscle fiber.
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Endomysium
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A bundle of muscle fibers.
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Fascicle
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Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers).
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Perimysium
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The outtermost layer of muscle.
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Epimysium
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Connective tissue sheets that separate each muscle.
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Fascia
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The part of the muscle that moves the least. Usually either proximal or medial to the body. (stationary)
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Origin
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The part of the muscle that moves the most. Usually either distal or lateral to the body. (mobile)
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Insertion
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Dense connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
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Tendon
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Plasma membrane of a muscle fiber.
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Sarcolemma
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Cytoplasm of muscle fiber that contains special enzymes.
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Sarcoplasm
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A bundle of myofilaments forming an internal subdivision of a cardiac or skeletal muscle cell.
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Myofibrils
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Proteins responsible for contraction of a muscle cell, composed mainly of actin and myosin.
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Myofilaments
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The portion of a myofibril from one Z line to the next. Contractile of a muscle fiber.
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Sarcomere
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Smooth ER of a muscle cell serving as a resevior for calcium ions.
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Extensions of the sarcolemma that connects to the cristerae.
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T-tubules
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Increase in action potential when Sodium diffuses into a cell.
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Depolarization
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Decrease in action potential when Potassium diffuses out of a cell.
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Repolarization
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Dumps the ACh molecules onto the cell membrane.
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Axon Terminal
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A junction between two exciteable cells.
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Synapse
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A synapse between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber.
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Neuromuscular Junction
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A small gap that separates two cells.
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Synaptic Cleft
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A neurotransmitter released by neurons.
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ACh
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Depression on the sarcolemma that contains neurotransmiter receptors.
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Motor End Plate
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The hardening of muscles and the stiffening of the body.
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Rigor Mortis
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All muscle cells controlled by a single motor neuron.
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Motor Unit
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Responses of a muscle to a single brief threshold stimulus.
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Muscle Twitch
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Time between stimulus and contraction the a muscle fiber.
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Latent Period
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The period in which the sliding filament theory occurs.
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Contraction Phase
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The muscle relaxes, nerve signals are not sent.
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Relaxation Phase
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Sarcomeres cannot retun to resting length.
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Wave Summation
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As a muscle repeatedly contracts, it has no time to relax.
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Tetanus
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Muscle is unable to contract.
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Muscle Fatigue
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A recruitment of more motor units.
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Multiple Motor Unit Summation
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These allow the brain to know what condition the muscle is in.
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Muscle Spindles
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This moves a phosphate from an ADP to another ADP to create ATP.
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Myokinase
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Compounds that serves as an alternative energy source for muscle.
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Creatine Phosphate
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A process such as glycolysis that requires NO oxygen to produce energy.
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Aerobic Process
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Two cycles such as the Kreb's Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorilation that need oxygen in order to create ATP.
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Anaerobic Process
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The volume of oxygen required after exercise to oxidize the lactice acid.
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The Oxygen Debt
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A synthesis reaction.
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Anabolism
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The decomposition of a reaction.
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Catabolism
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Supplying the cells of the body with oxygen and disposing carbon dioxide.
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Respiration
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Chemical reactions that results in the production of ATP.
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Cellular respiration
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Coupled reactions that pass energy in the form of electrons.
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Redox Reactions
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These coenzymes are constantly being oxidized and reduced to transport electrons and hydrogen ions.
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NAD and FAD
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