Exam 3

Front 1

Law of Gravitation

Back 1

Everything in the universe is attracted to each other

Front 2

inertia

Back 2

a property of matter that if an object is in motion, it will stay in motion

Front 3

centrifugal force

Back 3

a force that is achieved when moving in a circular pattern

Front 4

tide-producing force

Back 4

the sum of the pull of gravity from the moon and the sun (for Earth at least)

Front 5

tidal bulges

Back 5

occur on earth where moon is directly over and 180 degrees away from that (beijing and new york experience the high tide at the same time)

Front 6

lunar tide

Back 6

tide caused by the gravitational attraction of the moon and the centrifugal force from earths rotation

Front 7

solar tides

Back 7

sun has a massive gravitational attraction, so it has a tide as well. rotates slower because it follows earths rotation. slow shift, half as powerful as moons tides

Front 8

spring tides

Back 8

when sun and moon are aligned, causes extremely high and low tides. occur every 2 weeks.

Front 9

neap tides

Back 9

when sun and moon are perpendicular to each other in comparison to earth, they cancel each other out, causes half as high lunar tides

Front 10

tidal datum

Back 10

reference level to which tidal height is compared

Front 11

tidal range

Back 11

high tide to low tide difference

Front 12

tidal bore

Back 12

tidal waves that go up rivers. low key ways; not big

Front 13

semidiurnal tides

Back 13

2 high and low tides everyday

Front 14

diurnal tides

Back 14

1 high and low tide everyday

Front 15

mixed tides

Back 15

successive high or low tides everyday

Front 16

amphidromic point

Back 16

regions with no tides

Front 17

co-tidal lines

Back 17

have the same tides at the same times

Front 18

co-range lines

Back 18

have the same range of tides

Front 19

flood current

Back 19

the current of the tides when they go into high tide

Front 20

ebb current

Back 20

the current as the tides leave and regress to low tides

Front 21

territorial sea

Back 21

first claim of domain over the sea

Front 22

law of the sea conventions

Back 22

the u.n. set up some boundaries for oceans. proposed in 50's, went through in 80's. 12 miles for territorial sea, 200 nauts for EEZ

Front 23

exclusive economic zone

Back 23

200 nautical miles away from the continental shelf; can be passed through by vessels but cannot be economically exploited

Front 24

international seabed authority

Back 24

court on who gets what resources from the ocean

Front 25

maximum sustainable yields

Back 25

the largest yield that can be harvested from a fishery without harming the population beyond repair. in other words, harvest>reproduction

Front 26

regenerated nitrogen

Back 26

nitrogen that comes from the decomposition of organisms

Front 27

new nitrogen

Back 27

nitrogen that comes from the new atlantic deep water

Front 28

potential world fishery

Back 28

if we took out only what was put in by new nitrogen, we'd be set for a perfect world. not gonna happen since no one gives a **** about what they can't see

Front 29

primary coast

Back 29

a coast not created by marine processes

Front 30

secondary

Back 30

one created by marine processes

Front 31

land-erosion coasts

Back 31

the result of drowned rivers and melted glacier runoff n ****

Front 32

subaerial deposition coasts

Back 32

glacial deposits/ river deposits (deltas)

Front 33

volcanic coasts

Back 33

either caused by a dead volcano (atoll) or an active one (hawaii)

Front 34

coast shaped by earth movements

Back 34

plates n ****

Front 35

longshore current

Back 35

net transport of water along the coast (vector along beach)

Front 36

longshore drift

Back 36

water going onto beach at angle then coming straight back to sea due to gravity

Front 37

rip currents

Back 37

too much water is brought in so a bunch leaves in a small area

Front 38

barrier islands

Back 38

coral buildup around a sinking volcano

Front 39

wave dominated deltas (def and ex)

Back 39

high energy coast environments develop these. smooth coasts. Ex: Nile river delta

Front 40

river-dominated deltas (def and ex)

Back 40

low energy outputs from river deposit sediments around the entrance. continues to grow outwards by distributaries. extensive delta planes Ex: mississippi river

Front 41

tide-dominated deltas

Back 41

tides are the dominant forces here, formed in areas of low wave energy and high tidal range. funnel shaped. Ex: amazon delta

Front 42

Salt wedge estuaries

Back 42

oceanic part of estuary is salty, and less dense river water flows over top of salty part

Front 43

well-mixed estuaries

Back 43

well mixed, getting saltier as you go out to see. a column of water will have the same salinity, but 5m later might have a higher salinity

Front 44

partially mixed esuaries

Back 44

have properties of both salt wedge and well mixed estuaries

Front 45

reverse estuaries

Back 45

arid conditions cause rivers to be saltier than the seas or what have you. conditions are reversed

Front 46

fjord estuaries

Back 46

saltiest part is in the fjord at the bottom of it b/c it can't escape. fresh water up top doe

Front 47

eustatic sea level

Back 47

changes in sea level

Front 48

sabkhas

Back 48

salt flat

Front 49

wave erosion coasts

Back 49

waves erode the coast (california)

Front 50

marine deposition coast

Back 50

sediment is deposited by waves (atoll)

Front 51

diffusion

Back 51

things unbind and bind to other things

Front 52

advection

Back 52

movement of atoms by the pushing fromother molecules

Front 53

solubility

Back 53

moles/litre

Front 54

inert gases

Back 54

gases that remain constant at all times (N>O>Ar>Co2

Front 55

euphotic zone

Back 55

zone that is super productive

Front 56

photic zone

Back 56

normal productivity

Front 57

aphotic zone

Back 57

no productivity

Front 58

carbonate equilibrium

Back 58

a ever changing value that tells what form of the carbon is dominate at any given time and area. If the water is too acidic, more CO2 is added to bring it back to equilibrium. CO3 is added to bring it back to equilibrium if too basic

Front 59

bicarbonate

Back 59

HCO3

Front 60

carbonate

Back 60

CO3

Front 61

carbonic acid

Back 61

H2CO3

Front 62

buffer

Back 62

brings a system to equilibrium

Front 63

saturation

Back 63

the amount of gases that can be held at equilibrium

Front 64

partial pressure

Back 64

the pressure that a component exerts on the system

Front 65

supersaturated

Back 65

over saturated

Front 66

photosynthesis

Back 66

photons -> o2

Front 67

respiration

Back 67

oxygen -> co2

Front 68

compensation depth

Back 68

depth where o2 consumption = o2 production

Front 69

oxygen minimum zone

Back 69

come on

Front 70

sulfur dioxide

Back 70

SO2

Front 71

nitrous oxide

Back 71

NO3

Front 72

dimethyl sulphide

Back 72

creates condensation nuclei